Multinational : giants that control the world

Multinational giants that control the world
 Financial capital, energy resources and the flow of production, and also the movement of many people, are controlled by a series of lobbies which largely contribute to determine our well-being and our malaise. We always talk about en passant or subheading of the multinationals, as if they were a taboo subject. Learn more about this, in fact, greatly increase our awareness of citizens.
In Italy, the term "multinational" is sometimes used to describe a large company, that is what in English is called corporation: a corporation, then with a legal personality, which the law considers to be separate and distinct from the shareholders who actually possess, which respond to the obligations assumed by the Company only to the extent of the shares subscribed. Because the liabilities and debts of a corporation are not considered as belonging to the people who create them, in the event of insolvency of the company creditors have no recourse to the personal assets of the individual shareholders: this condition is known as "limited liability."
When we start to multinationals, then, you should speak rather of Transational or (more rarely) multinational corporations, ie "transactional associations or corporations" is an expression that indicates a corporation or a company operating in at least two separate nations. The commonly accepted definition is that proposed by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), that is, from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, a UN body established in 1964 in order to increase business opportunities, d 'investment and growth in developing countries and to assist them in the process of integration into the world economy on an equitable basis.
The project arose from the concern expressed by the countries in the developing world, for an increasingly globalized quickly. For this reason, the Presidency will alternate figures are expressed from non-Western countries: at the moment UNCTAD, based in Geneva, Switzerland, has 191 member countries, producing an annual report on the state of things and organizes a conference every four years: the last took place in April 2008 in Ghana.
According to the UNCTAD definition accepted by the United Nations a transnational corporation, to be so, must have control of at least one foreign subsidiary, justified by the possession of a minimum of 10% of its capital. According to the trend seen over the last detection of UNCTAD, updated to 2005, multinational companies are all over 77 175 in the world, with 773 019 branches. Compared to the period 2000-2005, they grew almost halved. This figure is explained by the emergence of a trend to mergers, a symptom of a centralization of economic power in the hands of groups increasingly restricted. In fact, as the absolute number seems very high, you have to consider that a corporation does not, by itself, a giant in the global economy. Are included in the group overall, precisely because of the classifying criterion chosen by UNCTAD, even many so-called micro-multinationals: small and medium-sized enterprises which until recently had a vocation strongly local, but global competition has led to increasingly invest in foreign countries; not to mention that the economy is linked to the advent of the internet has meant that many small companies, especially dedicated to the service sector (professional studies - doctors, lawyers, architects, etc. - fall into this category), are naturally inclined to a strong business without borders. The difference between the micro-multinationals and large corporations is immense; but they are only the first to be grown in number, compared to a contraction of the latter: an important phenomenon, however, that statistics such as UNCTAD, however useful, are struggling to shed light on how it would fit.
Among the companies included in the group of the ten most important are the British bank HSBC Holdings (banking sector), the Dutch Royal Dutch Shell (energy resources), the Swiss UBS (diversified financial products) and even a Dutchman, the ING Group (insurance ). The criterion of classification changes if you are only interested in some parameters, for example the distribution of U.S. giant Wal-Mart, seventeenth overall, is in first place in sales, with a gross income of 348.65 billion, but with a profit net 11.29 billion. If you look at only one value on the market, ExxonMobil is in first place, valued 410.65 billion U.S. dollars; and Microsoft, "only" sixty-sixth in the overall statistic, becomes third to market value as estimated 275.85 billion dollars.
To get an idea of the overall economic burden of corporations, one must consider that the market value of these giants exceeds the GDP of many nations: we are not referring only to the areas of the third world but in countries such as Denmark, which with its roughly 200 billion GDP would be seen to exceed more than a dozen corporations. Let us now look more closely at the national distribution of corporations: the top 500, top 162 corporations in the United States are; Japan ranked second with 67; France third with 38; just below Germany with 37; followed by Great Britain with 33; China with 24; Canada with 16; between 10 and 15 are placed in descending order, Switzerland, Holland, Italy and South Korea is thus clear that the so-called Western bloc consisting of the U.S., Japan and Europe, has an absolute pre-eminence on the market (rounded, nearly 400 500: namely 4/5). As has already been said about the economic relationship between China and the United States, the absolute weight of a country's economy is not directly proportional to the number and strength of its multinationals in recent years China's gross domestic product has filled a considerable part distance compared to the U.S., rising from 3,422 to 7,043 trillion in 2007, compared to 13,794 Americans (a trillion is a thousand billion). Yet the weight of the multinationals remains at large distances: another sign of how the discourse on them in order to be considered at least partly independent of the nations. A final consideration to be made according to figures brute statistics, relates to the areas where the multinationals are involved: the financial-banking makes it widely to master, providing a clear picture of an economy dominated not by production, but by the management of money. Follow the energy resources sector and, at a safe distance, those food and pharmaceutical industries (linked by a common interest for biotechnology), technology (IT, communication, armaments), of the distribution.
Industrial production, with the exception of automobile giants, is poorly represented. Today, understand what they do lobbies is much more important that you understand what governments do. But maybe there are issues of which you prefer that people do not argue and do not be informed?