giovedì 31 luglio 2014
The King of Marseillaise
The Marseillaise doc. Born September 6, 1939, in Vitry-sur-Seine, France, to Italian parents, Albert Bergamelli, nicknamed "Full Mouth ', was not yet of age when, for the first time, was arrested for theft and locked up in the house of correction of Salum. Released from prison after a year, he was arrested again, again for theft, and imprisoned in Lyon, where he remained a few days, having tried once his specialty evasion. Returning again to cool in 1963, had managed to escape again, to leave France and to carry out a robbery textbook in Milan, Via Montenapoleone, April 15, 1964: four cars blocked the traffic, it scensero four individuals hooded, which made their way to a jewelry store; a fifth opened fire with machine guns; smashed the windows of jewelry Colombo and they took away what they could, starting with a brilliant 80 million lire. Arrested, however, with the entire band, the so-called "seven golden men," led by Joseph "Jo the Maire» Rossi said, in fact, "the Mayor of Marseilles," in 1966, Albert was finished Bergamelli obliged to stay in Modena.
Everywhere a new escape this time had settled in Salem, where he had known what would have been the love of his life, Felicia Cuozzo, who, in 1976, was captured by the Mobile of Rome, a few hours before him. In 1970, he returned to France, where he had aggregate the famous "band of Mec", with whom he scored a series of robberies, including the one glaring at the Belgian Federal Bank in Brussels. Two years later, had returned to Turin, where he was arrested for robbery, he escaped again, to arrive finally to Rome and back in a matter of serious organized crime.
In the early seventies, the bad Capitoline was divided again into a multitude of small local associations, so that it was anarchic, erratic and marked by endemic conflict; on the coast of Lazio, whose coasts were ideal landing place for "paranzelle" full of cigarettes, Frank "Three fingers," Coppola was content to rule his little kingdom, with no pretensions to hegemony or interference in the affairs of others; the business were essentially those of the so-called crime of usury and tertiary education, with the separate category of "Cassettari," the thieves of the sewers, constituting always a real elite inaccessible; the "saccagno", rather than the semi-automatic, it was still the absolute arbiter of any disputes.
It was on this scenario the cyclone that hit the 'gang of Marseilles' or' gang of three B's "from the name of the leaders: Albert Bergamelli, precisely, Jacques," Jacki "Berenguer and Maffeo" Lino "Bellicini. Tough people, who did not go for the subtle, determined to establish a virgin and fertile land the colossal tour of cocaine. The bad late Roman felt that the invasion of Marseilles was unstoppable; the war broke out, therefore, rapid and violent; This time, though, instead of switchblades, they were talking about machine guns, revolvers and shotguns, one after the other, in addition to a series of anonymous followers, also fell Maccarelli Sergio, Carlo Faiella, Hector Tabarrani and Umberto Cappellari , old boss refractory to drug trafficking.
The Marseilles, despite this, aggregated around them criminals more bold and promising of the capital, including Laudavino "Lallo the Lame" De Sanctis, who, later, would put together the "gang of the beasts", dedicated to the seizures of person, infamous, among other things, to that of the "King of coffee" Palombini John, who was killed almost immediately, without stopping, however, negotiations with family members, to convince them to give up the corpse was photographed, stored in a freezer, after 'rigged'; but Danilo 'er Mustache "Abbruciati, a former boxer with a vocation to the robbery, not yet involved, at that time, in the criminal project of Banda Magliana.
The "gang of three B's", February 21, 1975, he had linked his name to the shocking robbery at the post office square Caprettari, in Rome, which yielded a meager, but he was assassinated an agent who rushed to the spot, Joseph Marchisella; it was followed, however, real side effects, suicide Clara Calabresi, girlfriend of the slain police officer, and the murder of Claudius 'Mickey Mouse' Tigani, a petty thief who "knew too much." It was, however, with the kidnappings that the "gang of three B's" made his final leap. On the evening of March 13, 1975, in car traffic being Italy, in Rome, three armed men alighted from a Alfa Romeo Giulia, invited the driver of the Fiat 132 that preceded them down and, having taken his seat in the car, reversed the direction of travel to disappear along with another passenger: Gianni Bulgari, heir to one of the most famous jewelers in the world, after a month in captivity, April 14, was released after paying a ransom billionaire. The engineer Amedeo Ortolani, son of Umberto financier and president of Voxon, was kidnapped on June 10, 1975, by the men of commandos disguised as law enforcement officers; after 11 days in captivity, he was released upon payment of a ransom of 800 million lire. In October of 1975, it was the turn of Alfredo Danesi, industrial coffee seized under his home in Rome Monte Mario: the atrocious imprisonment of twenty days in a cubby-hole two meters by two, chained and gagged, lasted until the police had failed to take him to safety.
The beautiful life of Marseilles, made up of women, champagne, cocaine, luxury cars and apartments in uptown, was interrupted, however, by a series of arrests that decimated the gang.
Albert Bergamelli touched on March 29, 1976, when, along with Lucas Bezian, was arrested at a residence on the Via Aurelia in Rome: they had tracked down following the movements of a woman, Maria Rossi, who for his own band supervised the logistics shelters. Two days later it was the turn of his lawyer, Gian Antonio Minghelli, accused of having laundered money from the coffers of gangs. In August of 1976, will be captured even Bellicini Maffeo, who manages to escape from the prison of Lecce together with the Sardinian bandit Graziano Mesina and the two brigades Zicchitella Martin and Peter Sofia, belonging to the Armed Proletarian Nuclei, only to be recaptured two months later, in a restaurant in Rome. Jacques Berenguer, successful, however, to flee to New York, you will be arrested in 1980 and deported to Italy. In the process for the five kidnappings, made by the band in Rome in the years 1975-1976, the Court of Assizes in Rome on 28 September 1979, while condemned by, among others, Bergamelli, Berenguer and Bellicini, pronounced judgment instead of Minghelli absolution for the lawyer, as well as for the boss Francis Turatello Milan and Danilo Abbruciati. But the story of Bergamelli has dark rivulets, never explored, leading to P2 and services deviant ...
THE CRIME OF THE DRAGON
THE CRIME OF THE DRAGON
Smuggling of persons, extortion, kidnapping, money laundering: the Mafia eastern launched its offensive. The powerful secret organization rages across Europe, and seems invincible. His strength? the slaves
And BUSINESS CRIME. A CONFIDENTIAL FILE FROM THE MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR TO ALERT: Triads THE RAMP IN ITALY TITLE: THE NETWORK OF DRAGON traffic in illegal immigrants, extortion, kidnapping, money laundering: the Mafia eastern launched its offensive. The powerful secret organization rages across Europe, and seems invincible. His strength? Slaves A gang hid false documents in colorful bottles, uppers of shoes, books, boxes of ginseng. In prison, people are over 28 restaurants are the real heart of trafficking, including the sorting of new arrivals from the region of Zhejiang, south of Shanghai ------------------- ---------------- To ask the lace draw a Red Sun on the gate of the chosen victim. It is a symbol precise: with a 'tender, the kind that you can not refuse, and a threat. 'Cause the Chinese mafia and' powerful and violent. But very quiet. In Italy is hiding behind the banner of restaurants, leather goods workshop, mutual aid associations. And, according to a confidential report of the Department of Criminal Police, he also had contacts in diplomatic levels. Without treading on the toes of criminal organizations in our house, the men of the Triad now have huge interests in activities 'such as drug trafficking, extortion, prostitution, gambling d' gambling, fraud against insurance companies, the smuggling of weapons and money laundering. But at the top of the hit parade of criminal 'East remains smuggling: real slaves imported, with the' deception and the promise of a guaranteed well-being, from the region of Zhejiang, south of Shanghai. Everything is' controlled by a complex and articulated structure, very difficult to monitor. But the police document, the result of information of intelligence and reports of police stations throughout Italy, seems to draw quite clearly the 'identikit of crime' Chinese in our country. And in 1988 the first report of the 'Italian embassy in Beijing that signaled the possibility' of a migration of illegal labor to Europe ', in particular Spain, Italy and Portugal. In the file is specified as reserved for the sorting of illegal immigrants would take place through a company 'in Rotterdam, the "Khaex International Trading Company", which was used as a hedging activities' trade not specified. In addition to the Tunisian Romdhane Ben Amor Khalifa, Chinese J. Yue Pu and to 'Dutch H. De Vries, one of the persons reported as traffic coordinators c' and 'a Chinese resident in Rome, Oio Shao Ron. These gentlemen, always according to the document, they organized official visits, trips delegations 's business or tourist group whose members, however,' would have lost track in Europe. The basis of the 'organization in Italy have since received tens of thousands of illegal immigrants. Especially young men and women. One of the points of entry to our country was, and 'even in part, Trieste terminal of the Beijing Shanghai route Budapest Yugoslavia. The Chinese slaves arriving crammed onto trucks or locked up as prisoners in the truck. Once in Italy are loaded onto boats that go back a few rivers that flow in the 'Adriatic Sea, the Po, for example, and then dispatched to the various cities'. What awaits them and 'l' hell. For expatriate men have paid at least 20 million of the Triads. Better yet, the mafia has lent them the money. But please not 'be returned if not a hard job, not offset, in laboratories shacks where you sew, you eat, you sleep in terrible hygienic conditions. Or in the restaurants, the real heart of the many illicit trafficking in China. L 'organization and' always present. But invisible. In Milan, Rome, Florence, Turin, Varese, Vercelli: unexpected centers where they teach relaxation techniques Orientals, but also official associations that bring together members of the community 'as well as' shops and malls would hide very active boss of the Triad. That among the 'other in Palermo, with the consent of the local mafia, they would also hand in a slice of the market of' heroin. All the people involved, and specific tasks, would operate in a very restricted circle, hierarchical constraints under well-defined and under the 'authority' of a chief, called uncle. The leaders of the groups present in Europe would be linked together. The internal justice to the clans and families and 'ruthless. Punish members who violate the codes of conduct. And every problem related to debts, assault, extortion, but also issues of affective character and family are always resolved with the 'intervention of the boss through threats and even temporary seizure of the culprits. And when 'necessary punishment can' get up to 'murder. This absolute power over every illegal immigrant, and 'possible thanks to the economic dependence of irregular since their introduction in Western countries. Not only that, once convinced to leave China, illegal immigrants are forced to surrender his passport to the men of the Triad. Valuable documents that would then be invalidated and returned to Shanghai to promote new immigrations. But this exchange of mail and 'mutual. A perfect set-up of the 'gear Chinese crime would take place in 1992, the year in which the dossier report of the head of the Triads journey through some of the major cities' in Europe: London, Geneva, Paris and Milan. A trip will probably be essential, given that the migration had already 'then reached incredible figures. If it is estimated that the Chinese settled in Italy are 25 000 (53.7 per cent in the North and 42.3 per cent in the 'Central Italy, only 4 per cent in the South) an estimate given in the report shows in 8 thousand possible number of illegal immigrants each year fail to reach our country. But c 'and' the rest of Europe 's to manage, slave for slave. And the head of the Triad would have given this task, and 'written on the confidential report, Mr. A.Feng, who would live in Paris. A. Feng and 'referred to as the boss personally supervised the sorting of illegal immigrants in Europe who travel on the route China Hungary Austria Romania. But let's get to 'activities' economic, that 'more and more' important. The Triads are in fact making a large investment in Europe in view of the return of Hong Kong (where there are 55 Mafia families) to mainland China in 1997. In France, for example, the police found that since 1992 the Chinese mafia controls a network of recycling, built with a mechanism as simple as effective. The bosses of the Triads trivial recruited through advertisements in newspapers of economic Paris staff to send in the best boutiques in the city center for shopping. Each of these clients were delivered impromptu notes 5OO francs, hot off the press and, often, with consecutive serial numbers. All of illicit money, and that 's magic, turned into clothes and fashion accessories, then resold downward Japanese markets. Of course the exchange on the 'axis Paris Tokyo also required the participation of the Yakuza, the Japanese mafia, and as' and then' emerged from the investigation ended with the 'arrest of several members of the organization' s. The 'police operation and' completed 's arrest 100 people and the seizure of 2,500 leather goods and, above all, the confiscation of about 10 million Swiss francs in cash. In Spain, then, as is evident from a note sent to the authorities' Italian secret services of that country since 1989 have sprung from nowhere chain of Chinese restaurants. Something similar to the cases French and Spanish, and 'also happened in Italy. Beginning with the second half 'eighties and' was found that some pairs of Chinese had made contact with the owners of Italian restaurants in trouble '. Behind offers always superior to 'actual value, even 700 million lire, restaurants duly ended in the hands of the Chinese. Many of these local (unlicensed commercial) have become, according to the report, the coverage "for the gradual establishment of a network of information in the fields of military, political and economic Italians." And just in 'investigate this point, the police and' ran into a strange episode, reported in the report: 's meeting in Ancona in 1988, including an Italian Montespertoli (Florence), who took care of the interests of many Chinese restaurants, together with Lii Qi, first secretary of the 'Chinese embassy in Rome and Cao Guojing, the third secretary. Obviously this does not prove anything. But it 's a fact. At stake, after all, there are mountains of billions. Maybe investing money to recycle, as happens in Tuscany lately, activities 'business, lawful in the field of textile and manufacturing of leather: through purchase of equipment or acquisition of firms in difficulty' financial. Or continuing to buy local restaurants or where segregate the slaves to work. But the growth of activity 'criminal business has inevitably arise contrast to' domestic community 'Chinese. According to the report the first clashes were reported in Milan between the two groups for years now settled in Chinatown Metro: one controlled by Sun Tzi Hsi that would deal, says the police, the exploitation of the labor force, of 'illegal immigration and loans usurious; the 'other headed by Hu Chin Chan, committed instead to regularize the largest number of members of the community'. "Pero '. Explains Roberto Cavaciocchi, responsible for' foreigners 'office of police headquarters in Milan. Duel and the true' among Chinese immigrants in Italy directly and those who, after having entered illegally years ago in France, are encroaching on to manage the company's business here from us. the "French" are the most 'violent and are trying to overlap with "Italian" with kidnappings, stabbings, extortion. "Everything silently. Yes, 'cause the main characteristic of the Chinese mafia and' to act with great discretion. And he disappeared without a trace, guaranteed by 'omerta' almost 'absolute of every member of the community'. For this reason, although it is clear from the file that the authorities 'know name of clan leaders or simple "people smugglers" without precise testimonies and' very difficult to intervene. "I am against this conspiracy of silence 'I do not know more' what to do," says Don Giovanni Momigli, and that 'a special priest. Became a priest in '91 after ten years of trade unionism in the ranks of the CISL, and' was shipped to San Domninus (renamed San Peking), in the province of Florence, where c 'and' one of the most 'great community' Chinese 's Italy: over 2000 immigrants in a population of 4500 inhabitants. He took to heart the problem. And a thousand difficulties' and 'managed to put a little' d 'order, and above all to bring a little' peace in the country. "But. Explains. Understand what really lurks behind the 800 laboratories leather goods that have been opened along the Via Pistoia in recent years and 'almost impossible.'m Doing to help me even by a Chinese nun, but is not nothing quarry. D 'On the other hand immigrants here say: "Better to be a nobody,' cause if you're someone at least a fine, sooner or later, you have to pay for it."
Smuggling of persons, extortion, kidnapping, money laundering: the Mafia eastern launched its offensive. The powerful secret organization rages across Europe, and seems invincible. His strength? the slaves
And BUSINESS CRIME. A CONFIDENTIAL FILE FROM THE MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR TO ALERT: Triads THE RAMP IN ITALY TITLE: THE NETWORK OF DRAGON traffic in illegal immigrants, extortion, kidnapping, money laundering: the Mafia eastern launched its offensive. The powerful secret organization rages across Europe, and seems invincible. His strength? Slaves A gang hid false documents in colorful bottles, uppers of shoes, books, boxes of ginseng. In prison, people are over 28 restaurants are the real heart of trafficking, including the sorting of new arrivals from the region of Zhejiang, south of Shanghai ------------------- ---------------- To ask the lace draw a Red Sun on the gate of the chosen victim. It is a symbol precise: with a 'tender, the kind that you can not refuse, and a threat. 'Cause the Chinese mafia and' powerful and violent. But very quiet. In Italy is hiding behind the banner of restaurants, leather goods workshop, mutual aid associations. And, according to a confidential report of the Department of Criminal Police, he also had contacts in diplomatic levels. Without treading on the toes of criminal organizations in our house, the men of the Triad now have huge interests in activities 'such as drug trafficking, extortion, prostitution, gambling d' gambling, fraud against insurance companies, the smuggling of weapons and money laundering. But at the top of the hit parade of criminal 'East remains smuggling: real slaves imported, with the' deception and the promise of a guaranteed well-being, from the region of Zhejiang, south of Shanghai. Everything is' controlled by a complex and articulated structure, very difficult to monitor. But the police document, the result of information of intelligence and reports of police stations throughout Italy, seems to draw quite clearly the 'identikit of crime' Chinese in our country. And in 1988 the first report of the 'Italian embassy in Beijing that signaled the possibility' of a migration of illegal labor to Europe ', in particular Spain, Italy and Portugal. In the file is specified as reserved for the sorting of illegal immigrants would take place through a company 'in Rotterdam, the "Khaex International Trading Company", which was used as a hedging activities' trade not specified. In addition to the Tunisian Romdhane Ben Amor Khalifa, Chinese J. Yue Pu and to 'Dutch H. De Vries, one of the persons reported as traffic coordinators c' and 'a Chinese resident in Rome, Oio Shao Ron. These gentlemen, always according to the document, they organized official visits, trips delegations 's business or tourist group whose members, however,' would have lost track in Europe. The basis of the 'organization in Italy have since received tens of thousands of illegal immigrants. Especially young men and women. One of the points of entry to our country was, and 'even in part, Trieste terminal of the Beijing Shanghai route Budapest Yugoslavia. The Chinese slaves arriving crammed onto trucks or locked up as prisoners in the truck. Once in Italy are loaded onto boats that go back a few rivers that flow in the 'Adriatic Sea, the Po, for example, and then dispatched to the various cities'. What awaits them and 'l' hell. For expatriate men have paid at least 20 million of the Triads. Better yet, the mafia has lent them the money. But please not 'be returned if not a hard job, not offset, in laboratories shacks where you sew, you eat, you sleep in terrible hygienic conditions. Or in the restaurants, the real heart of the many illicit trafficking in China. L 'organization and' always present. But invisible. In Milan, Rome, Florence, Turin, Varese, Vercelli: unexpected centers where they teach relaxation techniques Orientals, but also official associations that bring together members of the community 'as well as' shops and malls would hide very active boss of the Triad. That among the 'other in Palermo, with the consent of the local mafia, they would also hand in a slice of the market of' heroin. All the people involved, and specific tasks, would operate in a very restricted circle, hierarchical constraints under well-defined and under the 'authority' of a chief, called uncle. The leaders of the groups present in Europe would be linked together. The internal justice to the clans and families and 'ruthless. Punish members who violate the codes of conduct. And every problem related to debts, assault, extortion, but also issues of affective character and family are always resolved with the 'intervention of the boss through threats and even temporary seizure of the culprits. And when 'necessary punishment can' get up to 'murder. This absolute power over every illegal immigrant, and 'possible thanks to the economic dependence of irregular since their introduction in Western countries. Not only that, once convinced to leave China, illegal immigrants are forced to surrender his passport to the men of the Triad. Valuable documents that would then be invalidated and returned to Shanghai to promote new immigrations. But this exchange of mail and 'mutual. A perfect set-up of the 'gear Chinese crime would take place in 1992, the year in which the dossier report of the head of the Triads journey through some of the major cities' in Europe: London, Geneva, Paris and Milan. A trip will probably be essential, given that the migration had already 'then reached incredible figures. If it is estimated that the Chinese settled in Italy are 25 000 (53.7 per cent in the North and 42.3 per cent in the 'Central Italy, only 4 per cent in the South) an estimate given in the report shows in 8 thousand possible number of illegal immigrants each year fail to reach our country. But c 'and' the rest of Europe 's to manage, slave for slave. And the head of the Triad would have given this task, and 'written on the confidential report, Mr. A.Feng, who would live in Paris. A. Feng and 'referred to as the boss personally supervised the sorting of illegal immigrants in Europe who travel on the route China Hungary Austria Romania. But let's get to 'activities' economic, that 'more and more' important. The Triads are in fact making a large investment in Europe in view of the return of Hong Kong (where there are 55 Mafia families) to mainland China in 1997. In France, for example, the police found that since 1992 the Chinese mafia controls a network of recycling, built with a mechanism as simple as effective. The bosses of the Triads trivial recruited through advertisements in newspapers of economic Paris staff to send in the best boutiques in the city center for shopping. Each of these clients were delivered impromptu notes 5OO francs, hot off the press and, often, with consecutive serial numbers. All of illicit money, and that 's magic, turned into clothes and fashion accessories, then resold downward Japanese markets. Of course the exchange on the 'axis Paris Tokyo also required the participation of the Yakuza, the Japanese mafia, and as' and then' emerged from the investigation ended with the 'arrest of several members of the organization' s. The 'police operation and' completed 's arrest 100 people and the seizure of 2,500 leather goods and, above all, the confiscation of about 10 million Swiss francs in cash. In Spain, then, as is evident from a note sent to the authorities' Italian secret services of that country since 1989 have sprung from nowhere chain of Chinese restaurants. Something similar to the cases French and Spanish, and 'also happened in Italy. Beginning with the second half 'eighties and' was found that some pairs of Chinese had made contact with the owners of Italian restaurants in trouble '. Behind offers always superior to 'actual value, even 700 million lire, restaurants duly ended in the hands of the Chinese. Many of these local (unlicensed commercial) have become, according to the report, the coverage "for the gradual establishment of a network of information in the fields of military, political and economic Italians." And just in 'investigate this point, the police and' ran into a strange episode, reported in the report: 's meeting in Ancona in 1988, including an Italian Montespertoli (Florence), who took care of the interests of many Chinese restaurants, together with Lii Qi, first secretary of the 'Chinese embassy in Rome and Cao Guojing, the third secretary. Obviously this does not prove anything. But it 's a fact. At stake, after all, there are mountains of billions. Maybe investing money to recycle, as happens in Tuscany lately, activities 'business, lawful in the field of textile and manufacturing of leather: through purchase of equipment or acquisition of firms in difficulty' financial. Or continuing to buy local restaurants or where segregate the slaves to work. But the growth of activity 'criminal business has inevitably arise contrast to' domestic community 'Chinese. According to the report the first clashes were reported in Milan between the two groups for years now settled in Chinatown Metro: one controlled by Sun Tzi Hsi that would deal, says the police, the exploitation of the labor force, of 'illegal immigration and loans usurious; the 'other headed by Hu Chin Chan, committed instead to regularize the largest number of members of the community'. "Pero '. Explains Roberto Cavaciocchi, responsible for' foreigners 'office of police headquarters in Milan. Duel and the true' among Chinese immigrants in Italy directly and those who, after having entered illegally years ago in France, are encroaching on to manage the company's business here from us. the "French" are the most 'violent and are trying to overlap with "Italian" with kidnappings, stabbings, extortion. "Everything silently. Yes, 'cause the main characteristic of the Chinese mafia and' to act with great discretion. And he disappeared without a trace, guaranteed by 'omerta' almost 'absolute of every member of the community'. For this reason, although it is clear from the file that the authorities 'know name of clan leaders or simple "people smugglers" without precise testimonies and' very difficult to intervene. "I am against this conspiracy of silence 'I do not know more' what to do," says Don Giovanni Momigli, and that 'a special priest. Became a priest in '91 after ten years of trade unionism in the ranks of the CISL, and' was shipped to San Domninus (renamed San Peking), in the province of Florence, where c 'and' one of the most 'great community' Chinese 's Italy: over 2000 immigrants in a population of 4500 inhabitants. He took to heart the problem. And a thousand difficulties' and 'managed to put a little' d 'order, and above all to bring a little' peace in the country. "But. Explains. Understand what really lurks behind the 800 laboratories leather goods that have been opened along the Via Pistoia in recent years and 'almost impossible.'m Doing to help me even by a Chinese nun, but is not nothing quarry. D 'On the other hand immigrants here say: "Better to be a nobody,' cause if you're someone at least a fine, sooner or later, you have to pay for it."
The human misery
The advertising system in industrial society
Advertising, marketing weapon, is the art of selling anything to anyone and by any means. To be precise, it is marketing in its communicative dimension. Going through the loophole of the media, it is the archetype of the "communication". The criticism of advertising is then extended to the criticism against the marketing and communication: these three plagues together make up the advertising system. But this system has been generated by industrial capitalism, which funds the average mass of which orients the content. The problem therefore is not reduced coarsening advertising, it also includes the media disinformation and the industrial devastation. We must not delude ourselves: the advertising is just the tip of the iceberg of the advertising system, or that ocean of ice in which it develops and expands the consumer society with its growth devastating. And if you are against this system and this company, it is because our lifestyle is killing the world.
The main effect of advertising is the spread of consumerism. Based on the iperconsume, this way of life rests on productivism and thus implies increasing the exploitation of people and natural resources. Everything we consume fewer resources and leads to more waste, the more harmful and more work impoverishing. Consumerism door so the devastation of the world, to its transformation into material and spiritual desert: an environment where it will be increasingly difficult to live and survive in a human way. In this thriving desert misery physical and mental, social and moral. The imaginary tend to atrophy, relationships are dehumanized, solidarity decomposes, personal skills diminish, autonomy disappears, the bodies and minds are standardized.
The human misery of advertising is, therefore, whether this impoverished life that enhances a ubiquitous advertising, advertising is the misery of the environments themselves, which illustrate only too clearly the moral impoverishment of society which suffers from the merchant. For this reason we will mention plenty of speeches by various advertisers. The cynicism - some of which menano pride - belongs to the point of their "professional folklore" which, for example, no one dares to challenge the description of the novel that makes Frédéric Beigbeder. According to Francois Biehler, advertising always in service, it is "strictly true." How can you justify his profession, then?
"Advertising is also used to boost consumption." The advertising themselves do not deny that this involves a good deal of manipulation. And what it means to manipulate someone if you do not make them do something they would never do spontaneously, as futile and harmful goods renew unnecessarily? As Machiavelli said, the end justifies the means. Biehler must therefore be considered tolerable this manipulation, as is done in the name of an eminently consensual "Reviving consumption and make the economy work, which, a priori, it is not reprehensible."
Here you touch the underlying axiom is that the overwhelming majority of discourses on advertising: it is good, even necessary, to stimulate growth, this Sacred Cow invoked in chorus by all the politicians, it is acclaimed as the Messiah's return. If you accept the fundamental dogma of economism, the injury that almost no one disputes despite its disastrous effects on our lives, then advertising is actually essential, so that it becomes difficult to question it. If the desire to produce is justified by the fact that it depends on the material survival, in societies such as ours, where reigning waste and overproduction, this is an assumption unreasonable, irresponsible and dangerous. We have set me to realize that growth, which became an end in itself, rather than correspond to our needs is first and foremost growth of harmfulness and inequality.
Advertising is inextricably linked to the devastation of the world, which is one of the engines. It contributes doubly: by pushing the overconsumption of industrial goods, favors the development of a destructive; dissimulandone and the consequences, brake awareness every day more urgent if you want to avoid the worst. It must therefore be the subject of a radical critique, that is, an analysis that goes back to its roots. Only those who identify wisdom and acquiescence, critical thinking and media consensus can settle the complaint of his most flagrant excesses.
But just going back to the roots and you will understand the reason for his abuses so common, in particular the extreme violence that makes women suffer. But no one comes out unscathed, as this will show manifesto against advertising and against "the life that is reflected."
Chapter 6 - THE DANGEROUS RELATIONS
History teaches us that what we can break old chains often forge new forms of slavery. The industry could save us the most painful work, but in fact there has enslaved to work relentlessly. Advertising has played a catalytic role in this reversal: inoculandoci the incessant urge to consume, has turned us into slaves of that machine that was supposed to be at our service. At the same time, however, it has done nothing but reveal aggravandoli, the dangers inherent in this mode of production.
The propaganda industry could not confine itself to the goods classical and respect the independence of those three fundamental and vital spheres that symbolize the positive things that has invented modernity: journalism, democracy and medicine. It is no wonder that he has dangerously perverted the internal logic when it is able to put them at the service of capital accumulation. Due to its action, the media have become machines in order to spend, instead of spreading the free thought. With the advent of the world of communication, it has depoliticized politics and democracy emptied of its substance. Finally, seizing the pharmacopoeia, has transformed the medical system in the pathogen. But the publicity he could not do his usual job of undertaker if those institutions had already shown flaws: in fact, it simply has catalyzed the shortcomings suffered by areas that overwhelms it with such ease.
The illusory independence of the media
Before the mid-nineteenth century, newspapers were financed by their readers and editors, as it was not a profit, but to form a counter in front of the omnipotence of the monarchy. In 1836, Emile de Girardin inaugurated the practice that he founded the modern mass printing introduces the paid ads at the end of the newspaper in order to decrease the selling price, so access to a larger number of readers, and attract more advertising and so on. This practice has prevailed, and today the majority of newspapers depends for 50% on advertising, while some live solely of advertising, such as those newspapers "free" whose function is solely to spread at a wider audience.
Obviously, advertisers will felicitate this' association for profit "in which advertising is the" dominant partner "able to" impose their own language "and" parasitize "the space of the newspapers, now reduced to the role of media advertising. The symbiosis is even more pronounced in magazines, transformed into virtual stores that allow you to do shopping while sitting; appears unstoppable in business magazines distributed to customers (by rail companies, airlines, etc.). and finally becomes a caricature in magalogues expression of Naomi Klein derived from the fusion of the terms magazine (magazine) and catalog (catalog), which the writer uses to define those "fanzines," with which the great American brands selling their 'lifestyles' their "fans." In 2004, Leroy Merlin takes out his Du côté de chez vous, combined with the eponymous television show on TF1. It is the apotheosis of a synergy industrial-media especially dangerous with regard to the information.
The convergence between advertising and information was achieved by a double movement. On the one hand, advertisers retain the confusion of genres imitating the style and setting of the newspaper articles. In order to combat illegal advertising (narrow equivalent of black propaganda that operates falsifying sources), the law has required that the advertising be presented as such; However, they continue to disguise themselves in the form of a 'dossier advertising, "and" supplements tribute, "of" round tables ", etc..
But if the advertising mimics the information, the information does not hold some back. Some so-called "journalists" accept bribes to multiply in their Articles, references to those brands who want to increase their notoriety; other practice "reportage advertising 'or' promotion journalism": hybrid language that obscure the border between the advertising space and editorial ones. Journalism becomes a business like any other, so much so that some newsrooms are turning to marketing consultants to determine the expectations of "consumer information."
Inevitably, the policy is considered to be less critical than the surveys on consumption and other "social issues" cross. We have entered the era of infotainment, info-entertainment: the information should be fun (in English entertainment) rather than instruct. These trends are particularly marked in television.
Through the mediation of advertising consultants, advertisers shall, at least in part, the programming schedules of more transmission is followed, attracts more publicity and money; vice versa, the transmissions are relegated to less hookers times impossible. Advertisers will also influence the content, rejecting that their commercials are combined with programs that arouse negative emotions, for fear that they do embarrass their products.
As for the print media, advertisers require that the ads are not in contexts that contain criticisms directed to the brand or what is associated with: the country of origin, to manufacture, etc.. Advertising reinforces the de facto monopoly, which tends to have on '' information 'relating to the products. In this case, the protagonists are advertising consultants (transmission belts between bosses and editors) and, even more, agencies selling advertising space. Thanks to the 'media plans "(with which determine the appropriate advertising vehicles for reaching that goal, then organizing the bombing), are in fact the ones who can influence and blackmail editors, threatening to cut off supplies. Their lobbying power is even higher due to the fact that this industry is highly concentrated: in France, five central agencies have "control of four-fifths of the total volume." Since the plurality of advertisers, which is considered the guarantor of freedom of the press, is an aspect of secondary effects and illusory, the classic argument in favor of advertising must be called into question.
Proud to receive funding for their mission, which is to analyze and criticize independently, some journalists claiming the bond that connects them to large enterprises. "The advertising, trumpets the director of 'Le Monde', is the guarantor of the independence of the newspaper." Precisiamolo: in the face of political powers. But such financing involves another addiction: that the economic powers. It would seem logical if, in the case of a newspaper funded by the State, that the journalist trattenesse by biting the hand that feeds him, why should things be different when the pot it provides the capital?
About half a century ago, the founder of "Le Monde" made this statement: "It seems to me that the dangerous life of the newspaper is secured to an excessive portion of the advertising, because that puts him at the mercy of a blackmail." The payments made by the readers themselves is in fact the only guarantee of a full editorial independence. It is precisely for this reason that a newspaper like "Le Canard enchaîné" rejects the manna advertising; no wonder, then, that it is the only newspaper that informs the public about the influence of harmful latter within the media.
The journalist Florence Amalou explains well how advertising can become a means of pressure, or rather of repression in the hands of advertisers willing to influence editorial line: reprisals advertising (campaigns canceled following articles too critical), a boycott of the new titles that is unmarked by the "single thought" at the service of the employers, journalists laid off or put on the ropes by advertising agencies, "filing" or mutilation of their articles, which can also be adjusted directly or trashed. Other techniques are more gentle and sly: references to entertain friendly, intimidation, collusion, privileged relationships with the leaders. Along with the stick, those who want to create a "favorable soil media 'know also stir the carrot of" lubrication advertising "; Once internalized, these pressures lead to self-censorship that journalists themselves do not deny.
Obviously, these practices are only possible by large advertisers, which puts into question the reliability of strongly concerning them. And as far as the press is still in a position of financial fragility, the more advertising can buy the silence and complacency. Plus a poster advertising, most editors agree the favorable treatment. So, Jean-Marie Messier, the former monarch of Vivendi Universal, has been slavishly courted by the media when he was at the height of his short career: the first few pages, interviews all '"man of the future" and laudatory portraits have mushroomed in the period in which he was one of the major advertisers in France.
The dependence of most newspapers to advertisers is even more problematic by the fact that they are brands, not politicians, to be legally untouchable today. Large companies are in fact political powers most harmful of all, in the sense that they are to transform the world. The decisions which modify or are likely to modify in depth the daily life (GMOs, nanotechnologies, flexibility, etc..) Are not taken place within national assemblies, but upstream, ie on the boards and in the technical and scientific laboratories; instances traditional political will at best the task of swallowing the pill.
Of course, there are significant differences between the average and therefore different degrees of vassalage, but let us look good and believe that advertising will overtake pervertirli to the outside. Interconnection is total: the media need the manna advertising, it needs the media channel to cater to the masses. But above all, there is a profound analogy in their way, though problematic, to convey their messages to the masses of atomized and anonymous recipients. And in fact, the more we are connected to the media in portrait mode and impersonal, unless we are linked with us in a horizontal manner and staff. Atomization that increases our dependence and our vulnerability to the mass media, which are in fact a double-edged sword: most are formidable media "democratic" (accessible to a wide audience), most favor the concentration of the oligarchic public speech, giving immense power of disinformation to those who hold them. Offering "bread and circus games," empires mediaticoindustriali threaten democracy: the situation in Italy Berlusconi does nothing but demonstrate in a particularly acute way the rule that prevails everywhere. The worm is in the apple. If advertising hijacks the information, you must also understand, as they invite us to Christopher Lasch, the inadequacies of the information itself:
What democracy requires, is a vigorous public debate, not information. Of course, it also needs information, but the kind of information it needs can only be produced through the debate. We do not know what things we need to know until we asked the right questions. [.] When we engage in discussions that fully capture our attention and focus, we become avid researchers of relevant information. If not passively absorb the information, provided that we do it.
The communication onslaught of democracy
We came to the political question, and here is the advertising which has opened the gates. The distinction that, despite the identity of their methods existed between advertising and propaganda has been fading. Differentiated the two things: firstly, their scope of application (trade / politics); then the fact that the advertisement constituted an autonomous profession (as firms relied on their advertising to external agencies), while the propaganda was being made by politicians and the militants themselves. Nowadays, advertisers are "political marketing" or "election" and s'incaricano of party propaganda. The confusion of categories has reached such a point that the messages of political propaganda inserted in payment are sometimes preceded by the words "advertising", while those of commercial propaganda they are by 'informed', normally reserved for public institutions.
In the eighties, the advertising took pains to note that "politics has entered advertising and vice versa." The prospects of enrichment for civic life seem exciting: "In a society based on mass consumption almost mandatory everything is sold, and often for reasons very different from those which are the intrinsic qualities: the political man-made soap ...". For our newsboys unadulterated democracy, "the electoral act is an act of consumption as another."
This perspective, which sees the move from the domain of the political conviction to that of seduction, not too much captivates the citizens, so that in France are rated some laws. Political advertising is thus banned from television and radio, and then, in 1990, also from the wall posters. Immediately, the "communication" replaces the advertising, too rowdy. The clever bit is quite clear: "communicate" sounds less one-sided. And it is certainly much more insidious. How do you explain a 'communicator', 'counsel in communication are not necessarily expressed in the form of advertising and it is not necessarily flashy. "Communication is discreet, but it is always "influence the attitudes and behaviors of different audiences." Jean-Pierre Raffarin, former advertising became Prime Minister, embodies this belief: "The advertising has become for many the solution to all the serious problems of society." Everything will be settled from now on by blows of communication, able to "manage" social conflicts, to render possible the "management" of public opinion.
Governing means appear. The consultants in the field of communication now apply techniques that have proven effective in the field of trade. So are organized 'meetings Tupperware "to teach small groups of political demagoguery smile to measure; we resort to telemarketing, or direct mail, to chat with citizens; then if politicians is forbidden to appear in the jingles of television channels and radio stations, not for this they have lost all hope of ficcarcisi in some way. The role of communicator here takes the full width possible. Negotiating interventions in transmissions measured in advance on the basis of their ability to convey the message. As the limited time to talk, we will apply for resorting to the rules make it highly profitable advertising: to "sell an idea," you must a) express a promise, and only one, that is b) suited to the target, c) simple d) credible, and) durable, declinable, f) opportunist. Which explains why campaigns should focus only on a few themes, and the speech is reduced to slogans.
Under the pressure of Auditel, the political broadcasts are more rare; communicators must then pass their clients in other programs, of course entertainment. Nothing is more except to talk about themselves, improve their "image" and imprint in the minds of viewers. When, as is often the case, the ruling parties standardize their plans to take over the 'center', everything is played out in terms of "personality" of the candidates, the equivalent of the '"brand image" and do not talk more than politics, but the wives, children, hobbies. This degradation of political life reaches its peak in countries dominated by violent pattern that often recur to the services of the agencies 'public relations' West, to refine their "communication" inside and outside or to choose the puppet who will have the best ability to "seduce" the local masses. Guatemala is among those who have borne the brunt: the founder of the public relations industry has mobilized the American public to prepare for the reversal at the hands of the local elite and the CIA, his Democratic president, who had dared to propose an agrarian reform in this banana republic of the United Fruit.
The Gulf War, highly spectacularized, then led to the culmination of these manipulations mass. Public relations agency organized the false testimony of a nurse, who told the U.S. Congress that he had seen Iraqi soldiers killing babies in swaddling clothes: the intense emotion from the audience finally convinced that we must go to war. Communicators Bush's father also began to implement the Newspeak, so "surgical" bombing make it more acceptable, even if they are not really a lot less deadly. Subtle strategies of political marketing to sell the war of public opinion reticent.
As the media has subsequently acknowledged that he had left speaker in turn forges of Allied propaganda, the operations of intoxication were then multiplied. In order to justify NATO's intervention, the public relations agencies have sfiancate for "to match the Serbs and the Nazis," thus fueling the campaigns of misinformation on the existence of a genocide in Kosovo. And the media, intellectuals and public opinion are left to mock. Later, the Hague Tribunal has found 2,108 bodies only and no mass grave: the famous "Plan Horseshoe 'is an invention of Western intelligence services and, moreover, the abject Milosevic? was prosecuted solely for war crimes. The Office of Global Communication Anglo-American has done its job well during the second war in Iraq: if the nonsense about weapons of mass destruction have not caught on much in Europe, the bluff of dismantling the statue of Saddam (arranged in advance by the coalition and the media) still has procured an instant effect of justification for war, recovering the emotional potential of the images on the fall of communism.
The first thing we must reappropriate is the meaning of the words. Governments have always been propaganda in France before the Second World War, there was a ministry that bore this name. The term later became pejorative, and not coincidentally the propagandists are styled with the lovely name of 'communicators' (or' experts in public relations "), putting an aura of honesty to the character of a manipulator working hard to control.
Although the situation deteriorated enough, sellers of communication have recently been founded in France the lobby Démocratie et Communication with the goal of dropping the restrictions on advertising in the political field (such as the prohibition of spots removed in elections 2004 European). Among them Jacques Séguéla, which likes to present itself as a "son of publicity," a "mercenary guaranteed," a "chameleon." He has done advertising for François Mitterrand ("Mitterrand Generation") and countless parties throughout the world, boasting of change field to be always on the winning side. How many communicators French, has dabbled in the web of Franco-African relations, working for those dictators who serve so well, too, the interests of our national industry, namely that the oil industry.
If you put these developments in a historical perspective, we can speak with Jürgen Habermas' refeudalization of public space. "In the Middle Ages, political decisions were taken in the arcane secrets of power: what was granted to the people were parades and festivals in which the powerful performance they gave themselves to increase their prestige. With the age of the Enlightenment, it constitutes a public sphere that is not content to passively acclaim power, but the challenges and discusses it: here is the origin of modern political revolutions. However, with the increasing economic concentration and the emergence of a new political power, that of large enterprises, public space has quickly regained its playful aspect of the scene where the powerful strut to get a consensus plebiscite. The great political orientations are no longer discussed, but rather imposed by communication tactics that conceal what is at stake is the manufacture of consent, the manufacturing of consent.
We may be ashamed of the "transition from representative democracy to democracy consumerist" announced by Séguéla, but this distortion is limited to exacerbate to paroxysm those shortcomings inherent in representative democracy, which in no way requires the commitment of everyone in the political sphere, but the exact opposite. Since the concept of participation is now reduced them to vote every five years, we can not wonder that the power has been confiscated by professional politicians, experts and other key figures in the world of communication. The spirit of "progressive" has its share of responsibility in this drift: he disdained the traditions of local self-government and did not give any proof of clairvoyance in front of the media and industrial development, assimilating it to progress and neglecting its harmful effects on the conditions concrete of the public debate and popular sovereignty.
It is therefore logical that, unfortunately, politics is reduced more and more to a show; and gangrene advertising that does not reveal the limits of a concept and too undemanding mediated (ie, indirect) democracy. The way to manipulate public opinion, masking any political, government or industry, behind the veil of the general interest, is now free. In 2004, Sanofi-Synthelabo has launched a hostile takeover of Aventis: if you have to believe the communication campaign conduct on this occasion, only humanitarian concern to save lives would have motivated the creation of this quasi-pharmaceutical monopoly.
The creation of new industrial diseases
In the Middle Ages, charlatans and cavadenti already promised beauty and health, to say nothing of eternal youth, thanks to miraculous potions and elixir of life. One would have hoped that such practices declinassero with progress; on the contrary, the advertising has exacerbated. If it is not worth lingering example caricature of cosmetics, well deserves the attention the other way, unrecognized, with which the pharmaceutical industry uses advertising system to pervert the medicine. In France, the sale and direct advertising of medicinal products are theoretically limited: in fact they are less and less. The industrial sector are trying to reach the general public and they do it as chitosan admired advertisers, "to the sound of a subterfuge to circumvent restrictive regulation." Would all be happy if you reach the level of the U.S., where the liberal deregulation has authorized the direct-to-consumer. In ten years, the advertising budget has increased tenfold and the turnover of medicines involved has tripled ...
We are not yet at this point, but the advertising system is no less active in France, where it aims to target the law allows the doctor who makes the recipes. Doctors are tampinati by a legion of representatives of the pharmaceutical laboratories. We often talk about the shortage of medical staff in hospitals. Recall that in this case there is one representative for every nine doctors! We often speak of "dire necessity" in order to fund medical research, to pay poor countries to patent rights, multiply that by ten or even more than the price of medicines. Recall that laboratories devote only 9-18% of their budget to research, ie three times less than what is allocated to marketing.Long persuaded to do their job, that is, to do their best for the health of the patient, doctors have realized that they are recruited to do as much as possible to consume certain products. An effective advertising system aims to make the recipes of prescribing a reliable arm of the pincer crushes some patients. Here's how it performs brainwashed, told by those who have suffered in the first person. At the beginning of his studies, the future doctor finds pleasure with a whole world of gifts, of logos that become familiar and generous sponsors who subsidize evenings and winter holidays. The counterpart seems minimal, just pretend to listen while a lovely sketch 'scientific truth' of a particular product.
However, "are part of our training," as they say the older, generally already well formatted. Later, the student begins to learn about serious diseases. The books on which studies recommend certain drugs in bold, the same of which can be found in the glittering advertising Jacket or inserted between pages. Books written by the "flower of medicine ', which has gained notoriety thanks to grants of workshops related to their specializations the same as those that produce medicines. But for the student that text is an indispensable reference, and since the medicine is learned by heart, everything becomes part of the system! During the internship, willy-nilly, he attended the workshops several times a week (on the occasion of "courtesy visits" outputs organized by "information meetings", etc..). In addition, the primary may exert direct or indirect pressure are oriented so that the requirements for laboratory X, Friend of the primary.
Throughout his working life, the doctor will be courted for his own good: meetings, luncheons, "training visits" will enrich the knowledge of pre-packaged, cleverly rigged to the task of reference in magazines or brochures that have the properties of the medicinal (sometimes "forget" to mention certain side effects).
When you have launched the third generation contraceptive pills (better tolerated than before, but considered at risk for a possible increase in cardiovascular disease), a laboratory explained in its promotional cards, contrary to the pills competitors, the rate of cholesterol was not increased with its products. A closer examination of the explanation indicated that this test "scientific" had been found ... in the female rabbit. Guinea pigs will appreciate. So even though doctors have learned (very recently) to have a critical look at the tricks of the trade always work. When representatives cease to incentivize physicians, the volume of medicines prescribed in the geographical area neglected (supervised with the help of pharmacists and mutuals) precipitates. They are therefore representatives to sharpen the critical sense of the doctors? Yes, against diseases that do not exist and are created with strokes of conferences and articles "scientific" ratified by renowned professors. Designed especially easy when the border between the normal and the pathological is so thin. From which thresholds have to take into account the level of cholesterol or blood pressure?
The minimum deflection can create a huge market ...
Pignarre Philippe, who has worked for seventeen years in the pharmaceutical industry, reminds us that it is the 'crown jewel of capitalism. "Its profit rates are higher than those of any other sector, including banks. But to keep them, taking account of the expiry of the patent, you have to constantly innovate and push urgently, in spite of every care, the consumption of new products. Pignarre explains in detail the strategies employed: you publish the same article under different signatures, to increase awareness of a new molecule and the doctors suggest that its benefits were indeed confirmed; then you can even market under two different names to impose it faster (called strategy of co-marketing); Finally, it puts pressure to prescribe it in the first place, and so on. When the molecules become public domain, we proceed to the "cosmetics" of medicines, betting on celebrity brand name; For example, it does everything to make us forget that the Tylenol is nothing more than paracetamol. There is also the "niche strategy": the laboratories offer their medicinal limited subdomain of a disease and then "work to expand this niche, preparing physicians to screening and raising awareness of both the press and the general public. They were born as some 'new' psychiatric disorders', such as certain forms of brief depression or schizophrenia early.
Faced with the difficulty of finding new medicines, laboratories, therefore, are going to invent new patients to sell their old products. To this end, they resort to all the tricks of the advertising system, using the tactics of communication addressed directly to the masses through the media. In the United States it is so suddenly appeared a new disease, "the crowd from social phobia." Between 1997 and 1998 it is referred to, in the media, about fifty times but, in 1999, the epidemic seems to spread so much that you refer to more than a billion times. What happened? Nothing, except the development of a vibrant public relations strategy on behalf of a laboratory that is seeking new outlets for an antidepressant, Paxil, whose sales increased by 18% in 200024.
These strategies are dangerous, because medicines may engage a deluge of unwanted effects, side effects ranging from benign to fatal accidents. For example, a laboratory offers of hormones to deal with the 'male menopause'; its advertising playing on the desire of men to "stay young" and keep all their lust. But there is reason to fear that the proposed testosterone leads to long-term a dramatic increase in the incidence of prostate cancer. Similarly, even in the short term, clinical surveys on a sample of 2,500 people are statistically too weak to ascertain any major adverse effects (with laboratories, in case of problems, they do everything possible to explain by the characteristics of guinea pigs rather than of the molecules). A drug tagliafame scored in 1985 authorization for distribution on the market (AMM): trumpets and drums, conferences on the miracle product that will enhance the power of millions of people, sick for having eaten too much or more often a slave to conformity physical touted their advertising.
In a few years it is consumed by seven million people here, and we realize its danger: 200 people will die or suffer serious consequences. The ingenuity deployed to maximize the profitability of the triangle doctor-patient laboratory is terrifying. The dominance of the image on the indisputable truth is a stretch of advertising, but in the field of health is criminal, because medicines are potentially real landmines.
The precautionary principle is fucked thanks to a wave of advertising that encourages overconsumption of drugs, which in turn leads to 1.300.00 admissions (ie 10% of the total!) And 18,000 deaths per year only in France. Obsessive coddling the illusion of perfect health, beauty and eternal youth, Big Pharma has in fact created new diseases.
The cynicism of the laboratories is the equal only at their marketers, who consciously sacrifice our independence, and even our lives to God Profit. Yet it would be wrong and unfair to blame only advertising system that derives from the world of medicine. Again, it does reveal that, aggravandole, the shortcomings of a concept of medicine as a service focused on the prescription of chemical compounds whose aggression is the cause of diseases and addictions. Now, the statistics show that progress in public health are not related substantially to modern medicines, but much more to the improvement of living conditions and especially food, that is to say things that individuals can check for yourself. Another concept of health is looming at this point, a concept based on autonomy and personal hygiene ensured by a healthy lifestyle which involves applying to medical care only in certain special cases.
The "spectacular progress" of medical technology not only have not contributed much to the increase in life expectancy, but have had unwanted or harmful effects provided by physicians. On the one hand these effects, instead of pushing individuals to take charge of their health in order to build a more healthy way of living, have reinforced the idea that health is best achieved through the daily intake of care given by specialized bodies. On the other hand, have been systematically used to justify the conditions of modern life: conditions that are more and more pathogenic! Cancer, cause of death for 150,000 French every year, is an epidemic linked to industry, more specifically in the chemical, which is also the basis of the pharmacopoeia. As Ivan Illich wrote, "industrial civilization creates new diseases and the medical system itself is far from healthy: A social and political structure is destructive alibi in his power to satisfy their victims with therapies that they have learned to be desired . The consumer care becomes powerless to heal or heal those around him. "
CONCLUSIONS
It was now that the publicity would cause a proportionate response to the repugnance inspired by many of us: the advertising itself is infamous, is industrial propaganda masquerading as information and sometimes go for that. It is infamous for what it promotes: the unadulterated hedonism, narcissism appearances merchant, the cool indifference and contempt of the past that is behind the blissful nostalgia for the "real country life." It is especially shameful because it is a powerful engine that consumerism and productivism that leading to the sacking of nature and society, which contributes to an even greater extent by masking the devastation of the world and that it follows that, in spite of everything, jump eyes.
There can only rejoice in the work of all those associations which strive to raise awareness of this particular nuisance and struggling against its compact imperialism. But this battle is too often partial; Conduct legal and legal it is similar to that of Sisyphus against his rock, always rolling down the slope. We can not restrict advertising to criticize, as he well understood the association casseurs de pub, draw the appropriate conclusions from his initial, today publishes a newspaper entitled 'The décroissance "(The Descent). Advertising is in fact intrinsic to the organization of life of which we are all part and for better or worse endure: it thus is inseparable, in all its dimensions. Criticize the criticize this organization without advertising and without wanting to get out of the trap of growth is contradictory.
Advertising is a full-fledged component of the industrial production upon which our hard-working comfort.
It is inextricably linked to the division of labor, the economic concentration, the role of money in our society; in short, the crucial fact that we entrust to large companies, for a fee, the right to take care of our life in our place. We can not, therefore, be content with breaking the advertising showcase, because behind it there is the ideological and practical carrying big brands on our daily lives, and this is what should be impeached. Do not expect anything from the brand, especially when, as pointed out by Stuart Ewen, retrieve critical for creating an image of "responsible companies" that s'ingegnano to put a splash of ethics on their labels, or to pass a coat of green paint on the corrugated sheets of their factories:
Mass culture challenges us in the same language of our critique and invalidate proposed as solutions to the problems of big business of big business. Until we will compare with the infiltration of the mercantile system down to the innermost intricacies of existence, the same social change will be a product of propaganda brands. We have witnessed the early stages of a policy of daily life; but this policy has now become a puppet in the hands of the counterparty. [...] We must remain vigilant and reject any form of sustained progress by the brands.
Once it is taken conscience of the devastating nature of the industrial system, what you can do to avoid being complicit in the expansion? Today it is impossible not to compromise, taking account of the constraints implied by our living conditions. But the need to do everything possible to regain control is not for this less pressing.
We must try to get out of our daily dependence on a mega-industrial-statal to assist us in all our actions. So learn to live otherwise: to work and consume differently, at the same time cheaper and better; preferred, where it is possible, the market at the supermarket, the artisans to industrial chains and independents to large production houses, the junk and the flea market for aseptic malls. It is not laughable shocked advertising and abuses of the industrial system that makes use of, while continuing to promote the expansion of both with our own acts of consumption?
But to understand the phenomenon of advertising, and to pretend to oppose it, you have to see beyond the dictatorship of profit and productivism; or rather, we must strive to understand all the concrete manifestations, including those that affect, because of the widespread venality and the logic of profitability, our framework of life and the life that you lead. A serious criticism of advertising also can not refrain from criticism of the media and the press contemporaries, gradually become a giant advertising page. Can neglect a critical urbanism and modern organization of the space, with its transport networks, however, so favorable to the hammering advertising.
And this criticism does not lead us perhaps to question the value of certain infrastructure that the mainstream obscurantism self-styled "progressive" advertises in a consistent manner? We think of so many things, and in particular - do not hesitate to call into question a consensus so blind as universal (especially in French) - to airports, motorways, high-speed lines, antennas for mobile networks, and course in international projects to build new nuclear power plants in France at low cost or experimental (EPR projects and ITER). Is not the case of questioning, for each situation, and in a precise manner, on the 'benefits' that these infrastructures bring us in relation to those that replace and in relation to the alternatives of which prevent the development? Wondering if these benefits are not realized in reality only for the benefit of a minority? To compare these alleged benefits with the costs of this infrastructure for the community in terms of budget colossal impact of harmful, especially of resources mobilized and induced risks? Because, again, their effect is to promote the expansion of industrial development and the competitive logic, when it seems rather urgent restrain them and divert them to avoid the human and ecological disaster is looming on the horizon.
Of course, this questioning should not be made solely on behalf of the discomforts and harmful consequences suffered by local populations, but the prospect of a global critique of a system universally harmful (and to what extent!) Requiring these facilities to develop. The local movements are so often defeated because they remain prisoners of claims too private discredit them immediately. If it is easily understandable that they did not want, and rightly, to have these lewd near the house, because others would want them instead?
From this point of view, the fight against advertising, particularly in the forms assumed by the actions starting in autumn 2003, it is interesting on several levels. Meanwhile allowed to distance himself from the claims advanced by the majority of corporate unions. Then he is freed, at least in the speeches of its promoters most consequential contradictions classic critique of advertising, one that overshadows modestly for the most outrageous methods such as "persuasion," but continued to obediently repeat the assumption of our industrious elite: "The growth is not the problem but the solution." If you really think that growth is a desirable goal, then you need to equip themselves with adequate resources, and a drab and utilitarian information réclame not part of it. If you intend to accept the looting of the world by dell'iperconsumo, then it is better that it is masked with glitzy commercials, so sensational as mystifying.
We intend to firmly denounce the other illusions they eat naive criticism of advertising. At present the balance of power, there is no reason why advertising from rolling back or stop its advance. There is no reason, for example, because the children of French schools escape, when the time comes to advertising shock treatment which is already given to their peers in the United States. The reforms of public education have actively promoted all conditions for the French schools have an increasing need for money for the powers that be private, and soon many will be attached to a drip trade. It is possible that some initiatives succeed, at least in some institutions, to delay the deadline, but by themselves can not change the underlying problem. Focusing on a scapegoat as easy as advertising, they indeed help to conceal the function for which public education tends to shrink, with the blessing of parents concerned about the "future" of their children: that of preparing them to become employed "competitive 'and consumers' rational'.
The question of the advertising shows so raw it is today difficult to make improvements to a particular aspect of social life without calling into question all the others. Advertising is the life we lead perfectly! The ebb advertising will obviously be if not a decline of commodity production and the emergence of other social relationships (where it will be maybe more than usual come to the aid of their neighbors who accept money to install a billboard in a space where is the owners). Can not occur if the balance of power and the organization of life will not change profoundly. And for this to happen, certainly not enough to invoke the state, in the hope that the bombing limits in place and defend those citizens powerless that has greatly contributed to expropriate any power over their lives. To get in touch crucial issues, advertising must not be contested separately, but used as an interesting way to get access to a radical critique of capitalism. [...]
In a historical context in which the sabotage seems called again to regain his titles of nobility, actions against the advertising have also been able to latch on to the criticism of the show. Profanatrici and iconoclastic, they attacked - often unconsciously, but sometimes in a completely conscious - the heart of capitalism, commodity fetishism. Capitalism is not enough to take advantage of the men outside, with the support of the state and its armed cohorts; it is also a religion, and its main support, today, is all of us, as we lost in the mass of the faithful-consumers fascinated by the wonders of the hi-tech industry.
In 1921, Walter Benjamin had already figured out that capitalism is "the celebration of a cult without dreams and without pity." This worship is that of money and its incarnation in the form of goods "without mercy," that is inexorable and permanent, "no dream," that is no utopia and hopeless. A cult that does not promise any excess towards an elsewhere, but only its intensification; that organizes a closed world 'here and now' merchant, a world exposed in a present without memory. To put it with Herbert Marcuse, it is a one-dimensional world to the extent that it is devoid of any ideal that transcends and allows therefore to get out to judge and criticize. The man in one dimension that is does is projected toward new spending. It will never rebel: no dreams, no revolt.
The high priests of this cult without downtime are undoubtedly advertisers. San Cathelat considers his twisted works like the windows of those "modern cathedrals" which are hypermarkets. San Séguéla, exalted prophet of advertising is "divine", "missionary" and "immortal," assures us that it is precisely "the great mass of the Eucharist is pagan consumption." The test of '' divine essence 'of the advertising system, he explains, is that it "makes the world in his own image." And so "hypnotizes our childhood, our youth movement, brutalizes our maturity." No sacrifice is sufficient for this idol, so voracious as ruthless. Evangelizers of the masses, these shepherds of the malls drive their sheep into the coffers, sanctifying treated as good abreast of the times an overdeveloped capitalism.
In front of the human misery that this spreads, they promise what can only intensify: the consolation through consumption, the foundation of this miserable substitute for religion that is just consumerism, the new opium of the people. Mild euphoric and powerful narcotic, this attorney illusory satisfactions and instills a real resignation. Advertisers are merchants who are working to expand the sand desert.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the enlightened thinkers believed that the criticism of religion is the premise of all criticism. In a situationist pamphlet of 1966, entitled De la misère en milieu étudiant, Mustapha Khayati outlined a new historical configuration in which we find ourselves today than then:
"In the era of his totalitarian rule, capitalism has produced his new religion: the show." The advertising system is only the most obvious carrier of this contemplation medusea caused by the independent living of an economy that proves deadly to any decent life. Criticize is the precondition of any social criticism. Preliminary, because you have got rid of this context of blindness in order to open eyes to the world unclean generated by the growth of merchantable quality. But only preliminary, because once broken the spell remains to rebuild, the interstices and on the ruins of the devastation, a human world. What is infamous mask has changed, but the watchword of Voltaire has lost none of its relevance: "Crush the infamous."
Source: HUMAN MISERY OF ADVERTISING '. Our way of life is killing the world, Group MARCUSE, Eleuthera, 2006, 144 pp., € 12.00
Advertising, marketing weapon, is the art of selling anything to anyone and by any means. To be precise, it is marketing in its communicative dimension. Going through the loophole of the media, it is the archetype of the "communication". The criticism of advertising is then extended to the criticism against the marketing and communication: these three plagues together make up the advertising system. But this system has been generated by industrial capitalism, which funds the average mass of which orients the content. The problem therefore is not reduced coarsening advertising, it also includes the media disinformation and the industrial devastation. We must not delude ourselves: the advertising is just the tip of the iceberg of the advertising system, or that ocean of ice in which it develops and expands the consumer society with its growth devastating. And if you are against this system and this company, it is because our lifestyle is killing the world.
The main effect of advertising is the spread of consumerism. Based on the iperconsume, this way of life rests on productivism and thus implies increasing the exploitation of people and natural resources. Everything we consume fewer resources and leads to more waste, the more harmful and more work impoverishing. Consumerism door so the devastation of the world, to its transformation into material and spiritual desert: an environment where it will be increasingly difficult to live and survive in a human way. In this thriving desert misery physical and mental, social and moral. The imaginary tend to atrophy, relationships are dehumanized, solidarity decomposes, personal skills diminish, autonomy disappears, the bodies and minds are standardized.
The human misery of advertising is, therefore, whether this impoverished life that enhances a ubiquitous advertising, advertising is the misery of the environments themselves, which illustrate only too clearly the moral impoverishment of society which suffers from the merchant. For this reason we will mention plenty of speeches by various advertisers. The cynicism - some of which menano pride - belongs to the point of their "professional folklore" which, for example, no one dares to challenge the description of the novel that makes Frédéric Beigbeder. According to Francois Biehler, advertising always in service, it is "strictly true." How can you justify his profession, then?
"Advertising is also used to boost consumption." The advertising themselves do not deny that this involves a good deal of manipulation. And what it means to manipulate someone if you do not make them do something they would never do spontaneously, as futile and harmful goods renew unnecessarily? As Machiavelli said, the end justifies the means. Biehler must therefore be considered tolerable this manipulation, as is done in the name of an eminently consensual "Reviving consumption and make the economy work, which, a priori, it is not reprehensible."
Here you touch the underlying axiom is that the overwhelming majority of discourses on advertising: it is good, even necessary, to stimulate growth, this Sacred Cow invoked in chorus by all the politicians, it is acclaimed as the Messiah's return. If you accept the fundamental dogma of economism, the injury that almost no one disputes despite its disastrous effects on our lives, then advertising is actually essential, so that it becomes difficult to question it. If the desire to produce is justified by the fact that it depends on the material survival, in societies such as ours, where reigning waste and overproduction, this is an assumption unreasonable, irresponsible and dangerous. We have set me to realize that growth, which became an end in itself, rather than correspond to our needs is first and foremost growth of harmfulness and inequality.
Advertising is inextricably linked to the devastation of the world, which is one of the engines. It contributes doubly: by pushing the overconsumption of industrial goods, favors the development of a destructive; dissimulandone and the consequences, brake awareness every day more urgent if you want to avoid the worst. It must therefore be the subject of a radical critique, that is, an analysis that goes back to its roots. Only those who identify wisdom and acquiescence, critical thinking and media consensus can settle the complaint of his most flagrant excesses.
But just going back to the roots and you will understand the reason for his abuses so common, in particular the extreme violence that makes women suffer. But no one comes out unscathed, as this will show manifesto against advertising and against "the life that is reflected."
Chapter 6 - THE DANGEROUS RELATIONS
History teaches us that what we can break old chains often forge new forms of slavery. The industry could save us the most painful work, but in fact there has enslaved to work relentlessly. Advertising has played a catalytic role in this reversal: inoculandoci the incessant urge to consume, has turned us into slaves of that machine that was supposed to be at our service. At the same time, however, it has done nothing but reveal aggravandoli, the dangers inherent in this mode of production.
The propaganda industry could not confine itself to the goods classical and respect the independence of those three fundamental and vital spheres that symbolize the positive things that has invented modernity: journalism, democracy and medicine. It is no wonder that he has dangerously perverted the internal logic when it is able to put them at the service of capital accumulation. Due to its action, the media have become machines in order to spend, instead of spreading the free thought. With the advent of the world of communication, it has depoliticized politics and democracy emptied of its substance. Finally, seizing the pharmacopoeia, has transformed the medical system in the pathogen. But the publicity he could not do his usual job of undertaker if those institutions had already shown flaws: in fact, it simply has catalyzed the shortcomings suffered by areas that overwhelms it with such ease.
The illusory independence of the media
Before the mid-nineteenth century, newspapers were financed by their readers and editors, as it was not a profit, but to form a counter in front of the omnipotence of the monarchy. In 1836, Emile de Girardin inaugurated the practice that he founded the modern mass printing introduces the paid ads at the end of the newspaper in order to decrease the selling price, so access to a larger number of readers, and attract more advertising and so on. This practice has prevailed, and today the majority of newspapers depends for 50% on advertising, while some live solely of advertising, such as those newspapers "free" whose function is solely to spread at a wider audience.
Obviously, advertisers will felicitate this' association for profit "in which advertising is the" dominant partner "able to" impose their own language "and" parasitize "the space of the newspapers, now reduced to the role of media advertising. The symbiosis is even more pronounced in magazines, transformed into virtual stores that allow you to do shopping while sitting; appears unstoppable in business magazines distributed to customers (by rail companies, airlines, etc.). and finally becomes a caricature in magalogues expression of Naomi Klein derived from the fusion of the terms magazine (magazine) and catalog (catalog), which the writer uses to define those "fanzines," with which the great American brands selling their 'lifestyles' their "fans." In 2004, Leroy Merlin takes out his Du côté de chez vous, combined with the eponymous television show on TF1. It is the apotheosis of a synergy industrial-media especially dangerous with regard to the information.
The convergence between advertising and information was achieved by a double movement. On the one hand, advertisers retain the confusion of genres imitating the style and setting of the newspaper articles. In order to combat illegal advertising (narrow equivalent of black propaganda that operates falsifying sources), the law has required that the advertising be presented as such; However, they continue to disguise themselves in the form of a 'dossier advertising, "and" supplements tribute, "of" round tables ", etc..
But if the advertising mimics the information, the information does not hold some back. Some so-called "journalists" accept bribes to multiply in their Articles, references to those brands who want to increase their notoriety; other practice "reportage advertising 'or' promotion journalism": hybrid language that obscure the border between the advertising space and editorial ones. Journalism becomes a business like any other, so much so that some newsrooms are turning to marketing consultants to determine the expectations of "consumer information."
Inevitably, the policy is considered to be less critical than the surveys on consumption and other "social issues" cross. We have entered the era of infotainment, info-entertainment: the information should be fun (in English entertainment) rather than instruct. These trends are particularly marked in television.
Through the mediation of advertising consultants, advertisers shall, at least in part, the programming schedules of more transmission is followed, attracts more publicity and money; vice versa, the transmissions are relegated to less hookers times impossible. Advertisers will also influence the content, rejecting that their commercials are combined with programs that arouse negative emotions, for fear that they do embarrass their products.
As for the print media, advertisers require that the ads are not in contexts that contain criticisms directed to the brand or what is associated with: the country of origin, to manufacture, etc.. Advertising reinforces the de facto monopoly, which tends to have on '' information 'relating to the products. In this case, the protagonists are advertising consultants (transmission belts between bosses and editors) and, even more, agencies selling advertising space. Thanks to the 'media plans "(with which determine the appropriate advertising vehicles for reaching that goal, then organizing the bombing), are in fact the ones who can influence and blackmail editors, threatening to cut off supplies. Their lobbying power is even higher due to the fact that this industry is highly concentrated: in France, five central agencies have "control of four-fifths of the total volume." Since the plurality of advertisers, which is considered the guarantor of freedom of the press, is an aspect of secondary effects and illusory, the classic argument in favor of advertising must be called into question.
Proud to receive funding for their mission, which is to analyze and criticize independently, some journalists claiming the bond that connects them to large enterprises. "The advertising, trumpets the director of 'Le Monde', is the guarantor of the independence of the newspaper." Precisiamolo: in the face of political powers. But such financing involves another addiction: that the economic powers. It would seem logical if, in the case of a newspaper funded by the State, that the journalist trattenesse by biting the hand that feeds him, why should things be different when the pot it provides the capital?
About half a century ago, the founder of "Le Monde" made this statement: "It seems to me that the dangerous life of the newspaper is secured to an excessive portion of the advertising, because that puts him at the mercy of a blackmail." The payments made by the readers themselves is in fact the only guarantee of a full editorial independence. It is precisely for this reason that a newspaper like "Le Canard enchaîné" rejects the manna advertising; no wonder, then, that it is the only newspaper that informs the public about the influence of harmful latter within the media.
The journalist Florence Amalou explains well how advertising can become a means of pressure, or rather of repression in the hands of advertisers willing to influence editorial line: reprisals advertising (campaigns canceled following articles too critical), a boycott of the new titles that is unmarked by the "single thought" at the service of the employers, journalists laid off or put on the ropes by advertising agencies, "filing" or mutilation of their articles, which can also be adjusted directly or trashed. Other techniques are more gentle and sly: references to entertain friendly, intimidation, collusion, privileged relationships with the leaders. Along with the stick, those who want to create a "favorable soil media 'know also stir the carrot of" lubrication advertising "; Once internalized, these pressures lead to self-censorship that journalists themselves do not deny.
Obviously, these practices are only possible by large advertisers, which puts into question the reliability of strongly concerning them. And as far as the press is still in a position of financial fragility, the more advertising can buy the silence and complacency. Plus a poster advertising, most editors agree the favorable treatment. So, Jean-Marie Messier, the former monarch of Vivendi Universal, has been slavishly courted by the media when he was at the height of his short career: the first few pages, interviews all '"man of the future" and laudatory portraits have mushroomed in the period in which he was one of the major advertisers in France.
The dependence of most newspapers to advertisers is even more problematic by the fact that they are brands, not politicians, to be legally untouchable today. Large companies are in fact political powers most harmful of all, in the sense that they are to transform the world. The decisions which modify or are likely to modify in depth the daily life (GMOs, nanotechnologies, flexibility, etc..) Are not taken place within national assemblies, but upstream, ie on the boards and in the technical and scientific laboratories; instances traditional political will at best the task of swallowing the pill.
Of course, there are significant differences between the average and therefore different degrees of vassalage, but let us look good and believe that advertising will overtake pervertirli to the outside. Interconnection is total: the media need the manna advertising, it needs the media channel to cater to the masses. But above all, there is a profound analogy in their way, though problematic, to convey their messages to the masses of atomized and anonymous recipients. And in fact, the more we are connected to the media in portrait mode and impersonal, unless we are linked with us in a horizontal manner and staff. Atomization that increases our dependence and our vulnerability to the mass media, which are in fact a double-edged sword: most are formidable media "democratic" (accessible to a wide audience), most favor the concentration of the oligarchic public speech, giving immense power of disinformation to those who hold them. Offering "bread and circus games," empires mediaticoindustriali threaten democracy: the situation in Italy Berlusconi does nothing but demonstrate in a particularly acute way the rule that prevails everywhere. The worm is in the apple. If advertising hijacks the information, you must also understand, as they invite us to Christopher Lasch, the inadequacies of the information itself:
What democracy requires, is a vigorous public debate, not information. Of course, it also needs information, but the kind of information it needs can only be produced through the debate. We do not know what things we need to know until we asked the right questions. [.] When we engage in discussions that fully capture our attention and focus, we become avid researchers of relevant information. If not passively absorb the information, provided that we do it.
The communication onslaught of democracy
We came to the political question, and here is the advertising which has opened the gates. The distinction that, despite the identity of their methods existed between advertising and propaganda has been fading. Differentiated the two things: firstly, their scope of application (trade / politics); then the fact that the advertisement constituted an autonomous profession (as firms relied on their advertising to external agencies), while the propaganda was being made by politicians and the militants themselves. Nowadays, advertisers are "political marketing" or "election" and s'incaricano of party propaganda. The confusion of categories has reached such a point that the messages of political propaganda inserted in payment are sometimes preceded by the words "advertising", while those of commercial propaganda they are by 'informed', normally reserved for public institutions.
In the eighties, the advertising took pains to note that "politics has entered advertising and vice versa." The prospects of enrichment for civic life seem exciting: "In a society based on mass consumption almost mandatory everything is sold, and often for reasons very different from those which are the intrinsic qualities: the political man-made soap ...". For our newsboys unadulterated democracy, "the electoral act is an act of consumption as another."
This perspective, which sees the move from the domain of the political conviction to that of seduction, not too much captivates the citizens, so that in France are rated some laws. Political advertising is thus banned from television and radio, and then, in 1990, also from the wall posters. Immediately, the "communication" replaces the advertising, too rowdy. The clever bit is quite clear: "communicate" sounds less one-sided. And it is certainly much more insidious. How do you explain a 'communicator', 'counsel in communication are not necessarily expressed in the form of advertising and it is not necessarily flashy. "Communication is discreet, but it is always "influence the attitudes and behaviors of different audiences." Jean-Pierre Raffarin, former advertising became Prime Minister, embodies this belief: "The advertising has become for many the solution to all the serious problems of society." Everything will be settled from now on by blows of communication, able to "manage" social conflicts, to render possible the "management" of public opinion.
Governing means appear. The consultants in the field of communication now apply techniques that have proven effective in the field of trade. So are organized 'meetings Tupperware "to teach small groups of political demagoguery smile to measure; we resort to telemarketing, or direct mail, to chat with citizens; then if politicians is forbidden to appear in the jingles of television channels and radio stations, not for this they have lost all hope of ficcarcisi in some way. The role of communicator here takes the full width possible. Negotiating interventions in transmissions measured in advance on the basis of their ability to convey the message. As the limited time to talk, we will apply for resorting to the rules make it highly profitable advertising: to "sell an idea," you must a) express a promise, and only one, that is b) suited to the target, c) simple d) credible, and) durable, declinable, f) opportunist. Which explains why campaigns should focus only on a few themes, and the speech is reduced to slogans.
Under the pressure of Auditel, the political broadcasts are more rare; communicators must then pass their clients in other programs, of course entertainment. Nothing is more except to talk about themselves, improve their "image" and imprint in the minds of viewers. When, as is often the case, the ruling parties standardize their plans to take over the 'center', everything is played out in terms of "personality" of the candidates, the equivalent of the '"brand image" and do not talk more than politics, but the wives, children, hobbies. This degradation of political life reaches its peak in countries dominated by violent pattern that often recur to the services of the agencies 'public relations' West, to refine their "communication" inside and outside or to choose the puppet who will have the best ability to "seduce" the local masses. Guatemala is among those who have borne the brunt: the founder of the public relations industry has mobilized the American public to prepare for the reversal at the hands of the local elite and the CIA, his Democratic president, who had dared to propose an agrarian reform in this banana republic of the United Fruit.
The Gulf War, highly spectacularized, then led to the culmination of these manipulations mass. Public relations agency organized the false testimony of a nurse, who told the U.S. Congress that he had seen Iraqi soldiers killing babies in swaddling clothes: the intense emotion from the audience finally convinced that we must go to war. Communicators Bush's father also began to implement the Newspeak, so "surgical" bombing make it more acceptable, even if they are not really a lot less deadly. Subtle strategies of political marketing to sell the war of public opinion reticent.
As the media has subsequently acknowledged that he had left speaker in turn forges of Allied propaganda, the operations of intoxication were then multiplied. In order to justify NATO's intervention, the public relations agencies have sfiancate for "to match the Serbs and the Nazis," thus fueling the campaigns of misinformation on the existence of a genocide in Kosovo. And the media, intellectuals and public opinion are left to mock. Later, the Hague Tribunal has found 2,108 bodies only and no mass grave: the famous "Plan Horseshoe 'is an invention of Western intelligence services and, moreover, the abject Milosevic? was prosecuted solely for war crimes. The Office of Global Communication Anglo-American has done its job well during the second war in Iraq: if the nonsense about weapons of mass destruction have not caught on much in Europe, the bluff of dismantling the statue of Saddam (arranged in advance by the coalition and the media) still has procured an instant effect of justification for war, recovering the emotional potential of the images on the fall of communism.
The first thing we must reappropriate is the meaning of the words. Governments have always been propaganda in France before the Second World War, there was a ministry that bore this name. The term later became pejorative, and not coincidentally the propagandists are styled with the lovely name of 'communicators' (or' experts in public relations "), putting an aura of honesty to the character of a manipulator working hard to control.
Although the situation deteriorated enough, sellers of communication have recently been founded in France the lobby Démocratie et Communication with the goal of dropping the restrictions on advertising in the political field (such as the prohibition of spots removed in elections 2004 European). Among them Jacques Séguéla, which likes to present itself as a "son of publicity," a "mercenary guaranteed," a "chameleon." He has done advertising for François Mitterrand ("Mitterrand Generation") and countless parties throughout the world, boasting of change field to be always on the winning side. How many communicators French, has dabbled in the web of Franco-African relations, working for those dictators who serve so well, too, the interests of our national industry, namely that the oil industry.
If you put these developments in a historical perspective, we can speak with Jürgen Habermas' refeudalization of public space. "In the Middle Ages, political decisions were taken in the arcane secrets of power: what was granted to the people were parades and festivals in which the powerful performance they gave themselves to increase their prestige. With the age of the Enlightenment, it constitutes a public sphere that is not content to passively acclaim power, but the challenges and discusses it: here is the origin of modern political revolutions. However, with the increasing economic concentration and the emergence of a new political power, that of large enterprises, public space has quickly regained its playful aspect of the scene where the powerful strut to get a consensus plebiscite. The great political orientations are no longer discussed, but rather imposed by communication tactics that conceal what is at stake is the manufacture of consent, the manufacturing of consent.
We may be ashamed of the "transition from representative democracy to democracy consumerist" announced by Séguéla, but this distortion is limited to exacerbate to paroxysm those shortcomings inherent in representative democracy, which in no way requires the commitment of everyone in the political sphere, but the exact opposite. Since the concept of participation is now reduced them to vote every five years, we can not wonder that the power has been confiscated by professional politicians, experts and other key figures in the world of communication. The spirit of "progressive" has its share of responsibility in this drift: he disdained the traditions of local self-government and did not give any proof of clairvoyance in front of the media and industrial development, assimilating it to progress and neglecting its harmful effects on the conditions concrete of the public debate and popular sovereignty.
It is therefore logical that, unfortunately, politics is reduced more and more to a show; and gangrene advertising that does not reveal the limits of a concept and too undemanding mediated (ie, indirect) democracy. The way to manipulate public opinion, masking any political, government or industry, behind the veil of the general interest, is now free. In 2004, Sanofi-Synthelabo has launched a hostile takeover of Aventis: if you have to believe the communication campaign conduct on this occasion, only humanitarian concern to save lives would have motivated the creation of this quasi-pharmaceutical monopoly.
The creation of new industrial diseases
In the Middle Ages, charlatans and cavadenti already promised beauty and health, to say nothing of eternal youth, thanks to miraculous potions and elixir of life. One would have hoped that such practices declinassero with progress; on the contrary, the advertising has exacerbated. If it is not worth lingering example caricature of cosmetics, well deserves the attention the other way, unrecognized, with which the pharmaceutical industry uses advertising system to pervert the medicine. In France, the sale and direct advertising of medicinal products are theoretically limited: in fact they are less and less. The industrial sector are trying to reach the general public and they do it as chitosan admired advertisers, "to the sound of a subterfuge to circumvent restrictive regulation." Would all be happy if you reach the level of the U.S., where the liberal deregulation has authorized the direct-to-consumer. In ten years, the advertising budget has increased tenfold and the turnover of medicines involved has tripled ...
We are not yet at this point, but the advertising system is no less active in France, where it aims to target the law allows the doctor who makes the recipes. Doctors are tampinati by a legion of representatives of the pharmaceutical laboratories. We often talk about the shortage of medical staff in hospitals. Recall that in this case there is one representative for every nine doctors! We often speak of "dire necessity" in order to fund medical research, to pay poor countries to patent rights, multiply that by ten or even more than the price of medicines. Recall that laboratories devote only 9-18% of their budget to research, ie three times less than what is allocated to marketing.Long persuaded to do their job, that is, to do their best for the health of the patient, doctors have realized that they are recruited to do as much as possible to consume certain products. An effective advertising system aims to make the recipes of prescribing a reliable arm of the pincer crushes some patients. Here's how it performs brainwashed, told by those who have suffered in the first person. At the beginning of his studies, the future doctor finds pleasure with a whole world of gifts, of logos that become familiar and generous sponsors who subsidize evenings and winter holidays. The counterpart seems minimal, just pretend to listen while a lovely sketch 'scientific truth' of a particular product.
However, "are part of our training," as they say the older, generally already well formatted. Later, the student begins to learn about serious diseases. The books on which studies recommend certain drugs in bold, the same of which can be found in the glittering advertising Jacket or inserted between pages. Books written by the "flower of medicine ', which has gained notoriety thanks to grants of workshops related to their specializations the same as those that produce medicines. But for the student that text is an indispensable reference, and since the medicine is learned by heart, everything becomes part of the system! During the internship, willy-nilly, he attended the workshops several times a week (on the occasion of "courtesy visits" outputs organized by "information meetings", etc..). In addition, the primary may exert direct or indirect pressure are oriented so that the requirements for laboratory X, Friend of the primary.
Throughout his working life, the doctor will be courted for his own good: meetings, luncheons, "training visits" will enrich the knowledge of pre-packaged, cleverly rigged to the task of reference in magazines or brochures that have the properties of the medicinal (sometimes "forget" to mention certain side effects).
When you have launched the third generation contraceptive pills (better tolerated than before, but considered at risk for a possible increase in cardiovascular disease), a laboratory explained in its promotional cards, contrary to the pills competitors, the rate of cholesterol was not increased with its products. A closer examination of the explanation indicated that this test "scientific" had been found ... in the female rabbit. Guinea pigs will appreciate. So even though doctors have learned (very recently) to have a critical look at the tricks of the trade always work. When representatives cease to incentivize physicians, the volume of medicines prescribed in the geographical area neglected (supervised with the help of pharmacists and mutuals) precipitates. They are therefore representatives to sharpen the critical sense of the doctors? Yes, against diseases that do not exist and are created with strokes of conferences and articles "scientific" ratified by renowned professors. Designed especially easy when the border between the normal and the pathological is so thin. From which thresholds have to take into account the level of cholesterol or blood pressure?
The minimum deflection can create a huge market ...
Pignarre Philippe, who has worked for seventeen years in the pharmaceutical industry, reminds us that it is the 'crown jewel of capitalism. "Its profit rates are higher than those of any other sector, including banks. But to keep them, taking account of the expiry of the patent, you have to constantly innovate and push urgently, in spite of every care, the consumption of new products. Pignarre explains in detail the strategies employed: you publish the same article under different signatures, to increase awareness of a new molecule and the doctors suggest that its benefits were indeed confirmed; then you can even market under two different names to impose it faster (called strategy of co-marketing); Finally, it puts pressure to prescribe it in the first place, and so on. When the molecules become public domain, we proceed to the "cosmetics" of medicines, betting on celebrity brand name; For example, it does everything to make us forget that the Tylenol is nothing more than paracetamol. There is also the "niche strategy": the laboratories offer their medicinal limited subdomain of a disease and then "work to expand this niche, preparing physicians to screening and raising awareness of both the press and the general public. They were born as some 'new' psychiatric disorders', such as certain forms of brief depression or schizophrenia early.
Faced with the difficulty of finding new medicines, laboratories, therefore, are going to invent new patients to sell their old products. To this end, they resort to all the tricks of the advertising system, using the tactics of communication addressed directly to the masses through the media. In the United States it is so suddenly appeared a new disease, "the crowd from social phobia." Between 1997 and 1998 it is referred to, in the media, about fifty times but, in 1999, the epidemic seems to spread so much that you refer to more than a billion times. What happened? Nothing, except the development of a vibrant public relations strategy on behalf of a laboratory that is seeking new outlets for an antidepressant, Paxil, whose sales increased by 18% in 200024.
These strategies are dangerous, because medicines may engage a deluge of unwanted effects, side effects ranging from benign to fatal accidents. For example, a laboratory offers of hormones to deal with the 'male menopause'; its advertising playing on the desire of men to "stay young" and keep all their lust. But there is reason to fear that the proposed testosterone leads to long-term a dramatic increase in the incidence of prostate cancer. Similarly, even in the short term, clinical surveys on a sample of 2,500 people are statistically too weak to ascertain any major adverse effects (with laboratories, in case of problems, they do everything possible to explain by the characteristics of guinea pigs rather than of the molecules). A drug tagliafame scored in 1985 authorization for distribution on the market (AMM): trumpets and drums, conferences on the miracle product that will enhance the power of millions of people, sick for having eaten too much or more often a slave to conformity physical touted their advertising.
In a few years it is consumed by seven million people here, and we realize its danger: 200 people will die or suffer serious consequences. The ingenuity deployed to maximize the profitability of the triangle doctor-patient laboratory is terrifying. The dominance of the image on the indisputable truth is a stretch of advertising, but in the field of health is criminal, because medicines are potentially real landmines.
The precautionary principle is fucked thanks to a wave of advertising that encourages overconsumption of drugs, which in turn leads to 1.300.00 admissions (ie 10% of the total!) And 18,000 deaths per year only in France. Obsessive coddling the illusion of perfect health, beauty and eternal youth, Big Pharma has in fact created new diseases.
The cynicism of the laboratories is the equal only at their marketers, who consciously sacrifice our independence, and even our lives to God Profit. Yet it would be wrong and unfair to blame only advertising system that derives from the world of medicine. Again, it does reveal that, aggravandole, the shortcomings of a concept of medicine as a service focused on the prescription of chemical compounds whose aggression is the cause of diseases and addictions. Now, the statistics show that progress in public health are not related substantially to modern medicines, but much more to the improvement of living conditions and especially food, that is to say things that individuals can check for yourself. Another concept of health is looming at this point, a concept based on autonomy and personal hygiene ensured by a healthy lifestyle which involves applying to medical care only in certain special cases.
The "spectacular progress" of medical technology not only have not contributed much to the increase in life expectancy, but have had unwanted or harmful effects provided by physicians. On the one hand these effects, instead of pushing individuals to take charge of their health in order to build a more healthy way of living, have reinforced the idea that health is best achieved through the daily intake of care given by specialized bodies. On the other hand, have been systematically used to justify the conditions of modern life: conditions that are more and more pathogenic! Cancer, cause of death for 150,000 French every year, is an epidemic linked to industry, more specifically in the chemical, which is also the basis of the pharmacopoeia. As Ivan Illich wrote, "industrial civilization creates new diseases and the medical system itself is far from healthy: A social and political structure is destructive alibi in his power to satisfy their victims with therapies that they have learned to be desired . The consumer care becomes powerless to heal or heal those around him. "
CONCLUSIONS
It was now that the publicity would cause a proportionate response to the repugnance inspired by many of us: the advertising itself is infamous, is industrial propaganda masquerading as information and sometimes go for that. It is infamous for what it promotes: the unadulterated hedonism, narcissism appearances merchant, the cool indifference and contempt of the past that is behind the blissful nostalgia for the "real country life." It is especially shameful because it is a powerful engine that consumerism and productivism that leading to the sacking of nature and society, which contributes to an even greater extent by masking the devastation of the world and that it follows that, in spite of everything, jump eyes.
There can only rejoice in the work of all those associations which strive to raise awareness of this particular nuisance and struggling against its compact imperialism. But this battle is too often partial; Conduct legal and legal it is similar to that of Sisyphus against his rock, always rolling down the slope. We can not restrict advertising to criticize, as he well understood the association casseurs de pub, draw the appropriate conclusions from his initial, today publishes a newspaper entitled 'The décroissance "(The Descent). Advertising is in fact intrinsic to the organization of life of which we are all part and for better or worse endure: it thus is inseparable, in all its dimensions. Criticize the criticize this organization without advertising and without wanting to get out of the trap of growth is contradictory.
Advertising is a full-fledged component of the industrial production upon which our hard-working comfort.
It is inextricably linked to the division of labor, the economic concentration, the role of money in our society; in short, the crucial fact that we entrust to large companies, for a fee, the right to take care of our life in our place. We can not, therefore, be content with breaking the advertising showcase, because behind it there is the ideological and practical carrying big brands on our daily lives, and this is what should be impeached. Do not expect anything from the brand, especially when, as pointed out by Stuart Ewen, retrieve critical for creating an image of "responsible companies" that s'ingegnano to put a splash of ethics on their labels, or to pass a coat of green paint on the corrugated sheets of their factories:
Mass culture challenges us in the same language of our critique and invalidate proposed as solutions to the problems of big business of big business. Until we will compare with the infiltration of the mercantile system down to the innermost intricacies of existence, the same social change will be a product of propaganda brands. We have witnessed the early stages of a policy of daily life; but this policy has now become a puppet in the hands of the counterparty. [...] We must remain vigilant and reject any form of sustained progress by the brands.
Once it is taken conscience of the devastating nature of the industrial system, what you can do to avoid being complicit in the expansion? Today it is impossible not to compromise, taking account of the constraints implied by our living conditions. But the need to do everything possible to regain control is not for this less pressing.
We must try to get out of our daily dependence on a mega-industrial-statal to assist us in all our actions. So learn to live otherwise: to work and consume differently, at the same time cheaper and better; preferred, where it is possible, the market at the supermarket, the artisans to industrial chains and independents to large production houses, the junk and the flea market for aseptic malls. It is not laughable shocked advertising and abuses of the industrial system that makes use of, while continuing to promote the expansion of both with our own acts of consumption?
But to understand the phenomenon of advertising, and to pretend to oppose it, you have to see beyond the dictatorship of profit and productivism; or rather, we must strive to understand all the concrete manifestations, including those that affect, because of the widespread venality and the logic of profitability, our framework of life and the life that you lead. A serious criticism of advertising also can not refrain from criticism of the media and the press contemporaries, gradually become a giant advertising page. Can neglect a critical urbanism and modern organization of the space, with its transport networks, however, so favorable to the hammering advertising.
And this criticism does not lead us perhaps to question the value of certain infrastructure that the mainstream obscurantism self-styled "progressive" advertises in a consistent manner? We think of so many things, and in particular - do not hesitate to call into question a consensus so blind as universal (especially in French) - to airports, motorways, high-speed lines, antennas for mobile networks, and course in international projects to build new nuclear power plants in France at low cost or experimental (EPR projects and ITER). Is not the case of questioning, for each situation, and in a precise manner, on the 'benefits' that these infrastructures bring us in relation to those that replace and in relation to the alternatives of which prevent the development? Wondering if these benefits are not realized in reality only for the benefit of a minority? To compare these alleged benefits with the costs of this infrastructure for the community in terms of budget colossal impact of harmful, especially of resources mobilized and induced risks? Because, again, their effect is to promote the expansion of industrial development and the competitive logic, when it seems rather urgent restrain them and divert them to avoid the human and ecological disaster is looming on the horizon.
Of course, this questioning should not be made solely on behalf of the discomforts and harmful consequences suffered by local populations, but the prospect of a global critique of a system universally harmful (and to what extent!) Requiring these facilities to develop. The local movements are so often defeated because they remain prisoners of claims too private discredit them immediately. If it is easily understandable that they did not want, and rightly, to have these lewd near the house, because others would want them instead?
From this point of view, the fight against advertising, particularly in the forms assumed by the actions starting in autumn 2003, it is interesting on several levels. Meanwhile allowed to distance himself from the claims advanced by the majority of corporate unions. Then he is freed, at least in the speeches of its promoters most consequential contradictions classic critique of advertising, one that overshadows modestly for the most outrageous methods such as "persuasion," but continued to obediently repeat the assumption of our industrious elite: "The growth is not the problem but the solution." If you really think that growth is a desirable goal, then you need to equip themselves with adequate resources, and a drab and utilitarian information réclame not part of it. If you intend to accept the looting of the world by dell'iperconsumo, then it is better that it is masked with glitzy commercials, so sensational as mystifying.
We intend to firmly denounce the other illusions they eat naive criticism of advertising. At present the balance of power, there is no reason why advertising from rolling back or stop its advance. There is no reason, for example, because the children of French schools escape, when the time comes to advertising shock treatment which is already given to their peers in the United States. The reforms of public education have actively promoted all conditions for the French schools have an increasing need for money for the powers that be private, and soon many will be attached to a drip trade. It is possible that some initiatives succeed, at least in some institutions, to delay the deadline, but by themselves can not change the underlying problem. Focusing on a scapegoat as easy as advertising, they indeed help to conceal the function for which public education tends to shrink, with the blessing of parents concerned about the "future" of their children: that of preparing them to become employed "competitive 'and consumers' rational'.
The question of the advertising shows so raw it is today difficult to make improvements to a particular aspect of social life without calling into question all the others. Advertising is the life we lead perfectly! The ebb advertising will obviously be if not a decline of commodity production and the emergence of other social relationships (where it will be maybe more than usual come to the aid of their neighbors who accept money to install a billboard in a space where is the owners). Can not occur if the balance of power and the organization of life will not change profoundly. And for this to happen, certainly not enough to invoke the state, in the hope that the bombing limits in place and defend those citizens powerless that has greatly contributed to expropriate any power over their lives. To get in touch crucial issues, advertising must not be contested separately, but used as an interesting way to get access to a radical critique of capitalism. [...]
In a historical context in which the sabotage seems called again to regain his titles of nobility, actions against the advertising have also been able to latch on to the criticism of the show. Profanatrici and iconoclastic, they attacked - often unconsciously, but sometimes in a completely conscious - the heart of capitalism, commodity fetishism. Capitalism is not enough to take advantage of the men outside, with the support of the state and its armed cohorts; it is also a religion, and its main support, today, is all of us, as we lost in the mass of the faithful-consumers fascinated by the wonders of the hi-tech industry.
In 1921, Walter Benjamin had already figured out that capitalism is "the celebration of a cult without dreams and without pity." This worship is that of money and its incarnation in the form of goods "without mercy," that is inexorable and permanent, "no dream," that is no utopia and hopeless. A cult that does not promise any excess towards an elsewhere, but only its intensification; that organizes a closed world 'here and now' merchant, a world exposed in a present without memory. To put it with Herbert Marcuse, it is a one-dimensional world to the extent that it is devoid of any ideal that transcends and allows therefore to get out to judge and criticize. The man in one dimension that is does is projected toward new spending. It will never rebel: no dreams, no revolt.
The high priests of this cult without downtime are undoubtedly advertisers. San Cathelat considers his twisted works like the windows of those "modern cathedrals" which are hypermarkets. San Séguéla, exalted prophet of advertising is "divine", "missionary" and "immortal," assures us that it is precisely "the great mass of the Eucharist is pagan consumption." The test of '' divine essence 'of the advertising system, he explains, is that it "makes the world in his own image." And so "hypnotizes our childhood, our youth movement, brutalizes our maturity." No sacrifice is sufficient for this idol, so voracious as ruthless. Evangelizers of the masses, these shepherds of the malls drive their sheep into the coffers, sanctifying treated as good abreast of the times an overdeveloped capitalism.
In front of the human misery that this spreads, they promise what can only intensify: the consolation through consumption, the foundation of this miserable substitute for religion that is just consumerism, the new opium of the people. Mild euphoric and powerful narcotic, this attorney illusory satisfactions and instills a real resignation. Advertisers are merchants who are working to expand the sand desert.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the enlightened thinkers believed that the criticism of religion is the premise of all criticism. In a situationist pamphlet of 1966, entitled De la misère en milieu étudiant, Mustapha Khayati outlined a new historical configuration in which we find ourselves today than then:
"In the era of his totalitarian rule, capitalism has produced his new religion: the show." The advertising system is only the most obvious carrier of this contemplation medusea caused by the independent living of an economy that proves deadly to any decent life. Criticize is the precondition of any social criticism. Preliminary, because you have got rid of this context of blindness in order to open eyes to the world unclean generated by the growth of merchantable quality. But only preliminary, because once broken the spell remains to rebuild, the interstices and on the ruins of the devastation, a human world. What is infamous mask has changed, but the watchword of Voltaire has lost none of its relevance: "Crush the infamous."
Source: HUMAN MISERY OF ADVERTISING '. Our way of life is killing the world, Group MARCUSE, Eleuthera, 2006, 144 pp., € 12.00
martedì 29 luglio 2014
Food-flag of Naples and Italy in the world
The pizza remains STG. The rest is counterfeit.
in Strasbourg, the EU ratified the "security package" food
He was running the risk of losing the brand in 2017 STG, traditional specialty guaranteed 'cause Europe had decided to review the specialty that they had only done so to protect their recipe but not their name. But the Pizza Napoletana, food-flag of Naples and Italy in the world, has convinced the European Parliament, meeting in plenary session in Strasbourg that has ratified the "security package" containing new rules for PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) and TSG (Traditional Speciality Guaranteed). As a result, in practical terms is that now, in addition to the product specification, the pizza of Naples should have a name of its own that can distinguish it from other pizzas, non-STG. It takes an additional word to the word "Pizza Napoletana" and the name has to be registered in order to become a kind of brand that will be exhibited in the premises respectful of the specification. In this way it will taste who will certify counterfeiting and other Neapolitan pizzas peddled to actually eat real food false. The Neapolitan pizza is the most counterfeited in the world for commercial and Coldiretti informs that half of the pizzas served in 25,000 Italian pizzerias are prepared with ingredients imported from abroad: flour Canadian and Ukrainian, Chinese tomatoes, curds Eastern Europe in place of mozzarella, Tunisian olive oil or Spanish ... all without the knowledge of the consumer.
Today "pizza" is the word most famous Italian spaghetti in the world before, cappuccino and espresso. The pizza makers of Naples have launched a proposal for a public competition to find the word to accompany "Pizza Napoletana". They are the main contributors to a historic victory for the good food of Naples, who wants to protect the tradition, craftsmanship and products in the food industry of Campania. A sort of revenge even against the former Minister for Agriculture (Italian), Luca Zaia, who, after taking the honors and having simulated happiness to the nation by announcing his presence in the celebrations for the EU's recognition mark for the STG Pizza Neapolitan obtained after ten years of battle of Neapolitan pizza, defected blatantly going on the same day from McDonald's to promote his sandwich "Mc Italy", or "Mc Padania", designed to encourage farmers in the North. Sparked the ire of the "Association of Neapolitan pizza chefs" who accused him, not only them, the Lega Nord MEPs to be the promoters of the request for withdrawal dell'STG to Neapolitan pizza. Zaia, after two years, has been accused of "gastronomic racism" to another invention, "Buonitalia" put into liquidation having squandered 50 million euro to promote only products of the North, Veneto head. Not the mythical and the centuries-old Neapolitan Pizza?!
in Strasbourg, the EU ratified the "security package" food
He was running the risk of losing the brand in 2017 STG, traditional specialty guaranteed 'cause Europe had decided to review the specialty that they had only done so to protect their recipe but not their name. But the Pizza Napoletana, food-flag of Naples and Italy in the world, has convinced the European Parliament, meeting in plenary session in Strasbourg that has ratified the "security package" containing new rules for PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) and TSG (Traditional Speciality Guaranteed). As a result, in practical terms is that now, in addition to the product specification, the pizza of Naples should have a name of its own that can distinguish it from other pizzas, non-STG. It takes an additional word to the word "Pizza Napoletana" and the name has to be registered in order to become a kind of brand that will be exhibited in the premises respectful of the specification. In this way it will taste who will certify counterfeiting and other Neapolitan pizzas peddled to actually eat real food false. The Neapolitan pizza is the most counterfeited in the world for commercial and Coldiretti informs that half of the pizzas served in 25,000 Italian pizzerias are prepared with ingredients imported from abroad: flour Canadian and Ukrainian, Chinese tomatoes, curds Eastern Europe in place of mozzarella, Tunisian olive oil or Spanish ... all without the knowledge of the consumer.
Today "pizza" is the word most famous Italian spaghetti in the world before, cappuccino and espresso. The pizza makers of Naples have launched a proposal for a public competition to find the word to accompany "Pizza Napoletana". They are the main contributors to a historic victory for the good food of Naples, who wants to protect the tradition, craftsmanship and products in the food industry of Campania. A sort of revenge even against the former Minister for Agriculture (Italian), Luca Zaia, who, after taking the honors and having simulated happiness to the nation by announcing his presence in the celebrations for the EU's recognition mark for the STG Pizza Neapolitan obtained after ten years of battle of Neapolitan pizza, defected blatantly going on the same day from McDonald's to promote his sandwich "Mc Italy", or "Mc Padania", designed to encourage farmers in the North. Sparked the ire of the "Association of Neapolitan pizza chefs" who accused him, not only them, the Lega Nord MEPs to be the promoters of the request for withdrawal dell'STG to Neapolitan pizza. Zaia, after two years, has been accused of "gastronomic racism" to another invention, "Buonitalia" put into liquidation having squandered 50 million euro to promote only products of the North, Veneto head. Not the mythical and the centuries-old Neapolitan Pizza?!
THE SILENCE ON THE ORGAN TRAFFICKING IN UKRAINE
THE SILENCE ON THE ORGAN TRAFFICKING IN UKRAINE
Refugees fleeing from the towns surrounded and bombarded recount mass killings, targeted civilians indiscriminately, and even gruesome reports of forced organ harvesting from the corpses of the victims of the offensive army of Kiev, or persons abducted by criminal gangs allowed to operate with impunity from the western silence.
Unlike in Libya, Syria and now Iraq, where the Western media reported enthusiastically reports of "activists" presenting them as indisputable truth, media such as the BBC dismiss the stories of Ukrainian refugees as "hearsay", without investigating anything. The BBC article "Refugees flee Ukrainians in Russia," says:
"They say that the masses of Polish snipers continue to fire on civilians, some children have been kidnapped and brought to America for the removal of organs, and that the Ukrainian army kills refugees trying to escape. There is no evidence to support any of these claims extremes. But prove that there is a deep-rooted distrust of Kiev. "
Of "extreme" here's the outrageous hypocrisy of the BBC, their lack of investigation (considered claiming to be journalists), and the absence of explanations as to why people in eastern Ukraine harbors a "deep-rooted sfiduca Kiev ". To begin with, why thousands of Ukrainians Europe, hostile or distrustful of Kiev, run away from their homes, if Kiev had not pursued a policy of brutality criminal?
Forced organ harvesting - the true horror deliberately ignored by the BBC
Ukrainian s. kidney
The Russian sources tell a different story, explaining the details of the horror going on, that the BBC mentions in passing but does not qualify nor denied by any concrete evidence. In the article of Pravda "In Ukraine, human organs do not stink" it is reported that:
"Information shocking appeared on social networks, according to which the militia Slavyansk, during a night patrol, he found hundreds of bodies of soldiers of the National Guard. The soldiers had stomach open, and internal organs removed. In addition, people who live in troubled areas have seen well-equipped ambulances, armored van to transport values and other special vehicles near hospitals Ukrainian army.
Some employees of the international airports, for example in Boryspil, claim that many small aircraft were chartered to transport special refrigerators, used to transport human organs. "
These are the same "social network" often quoted by the Western media to support the allegations to the governments of Libya and Syria. Now that Western interests are supporting a regime that seeks to consolidate his power against armed fighters, similar stories are "extreme" and unworthy of further investigation. Pravda note that precarious state Ukrainian army, unable to provide even the same uniforms or food, makes it unlikely that the increased presence of doctors around the forces of Kiev serves to preserve the well-being of the fighters. E 'instead more likely, given the immense corruption and illegality (which existed even before the so-called "Euromaidan" and the rise of an extremist regime satellite that operates in total disorder) that is in the process of removal of organs for profit. Eastern Europe has long been one of the many global centers of forced organ harvesting. A Bloomberg article in November 2011 titled "The bands organs force the poor to sell kidneys to Israelis desperate," reported that:
"Investigators on five continents say they have uncovered a criminal network interconnected, run by Israelis and eastern Europeans, that brings people across the border, sometimes against their will, to sell a kidney.
<path> Criminal l'intermediario is taking advantage of the sick and the povero> says Bahat, who investigated a network of organ trafficking in Jerusalem. , 'I cry my heart that people sell parts of their body because they need money to vivere.>
Criminals seen in the organ trade an opportunity for big gains, where they can sell a kidney to 15 or 20 times the price paid, says the police across Europe.
<Is It OK realize the obscene profit that can be obtained on the black market of organi, that is espansione> says Jonathan Ratel, the Public Prosecutor of Pristina, in Kosovo, which has been investigating this traffic over the past two years. <CONT. To happen because it is so redditizio.>
Traffickers typically pay $ 10,000 to the kidney seller and sell it to the patient in 150,000. "
Actually it would be unthinkable that, in the chaos of the Ukrainian armed conflict, these gangs do not rovistassero battlefields and hospitals in search of potential victims. The fact that the BBC does not investigate the claims of refugees desperate suggests very plausible either total incompetence that even journalistic complicity in covering up the atrocities committed, and that part of the attempt brutal, arbitrary and lethal Kiev to consolidate power.
The state of forced organ harvesting, as described by Bloomberg in 2011, and other reports, criminal gangs involved specifically in Ukraine. Even hospitals and doctors Ukrainians have long been involved. How then does the BBC to call the reports of organ harvesting "extreme claims" when nothing was done to stop these practices since 2011, and especially in the current conditions of Ukraine, which allow this crime to flourish undisturbed?
[...]
Source: Landdestroyer
Refugees fleeing from the towns surrounded and bombarded recount mass killings, targeted civilians indiscriminately, and even gruesome reports of forced organ harvesting from the corpses of the victims of the offensive army of Kiev, or persons abducted by criminal gangs allowed to operate with impunity from the western silence.
Unlike in Libya, Syria and now Iraq, where the Western media reported enthusiastically reports of "activists" presenting them as indisputable truth, media such as the BBC dismiss the stories of Ukrainian refugees as "hearsay", without investigating anything. The BBC article "Refugees flee Ukrainians in Russia," says:
"They say that the masses of Polish snipers continue to fire on civilians, some children have been kidnapped and brought to America for the removal of organs, and that the Ukrainian army kills refugees trying to escape. There is no evidence to support any of these claims extremes. But prove that there is a deep-rooted distrust of Kiev. "
Of "extreme" here's the outrageous hypocrisy of the BBC, their lack of investigation (considered claiming to be journalists), and the absence of explanations as to why people in eastern Ukraine harbors a "deep-rooted sfiduca Kiev ". To begin with, why thousands of Ukrainians Europe, hostile or distrustful of Kiev, run away from their homes, if Kiev had not pursued a policy of brutality criminal?
Forced organ harvesting - the true horror deliberately ignored by the BBC
Ukrainian s. kidney
The Russian sources tell a different story, explaining the details of the horror going on, that the BBC mentions in passing but does not qualify nor denied by any concrete evidence. In the article of Pravda "In Ukraine, human organs do not stink" it is reported that:
"Information shocking appeared on social networks, according to which the militia Slavyansk, during a night patrol, he found hundreds of bodies of soldiers of the National Guard. The soldiers had stomach open, and internal organs removed. In addition, people who live in troubled areas have seen well-equipped ambulances, armored van to transport values and other special vehicles near hospitals Ukrainian army.
Some employees of the international airports, for example in Boryspil, claim that many small aircraft were chartered to transport special refrigerators, used to transport human organs. "
These are the same "social network" often quoted by the Western media to support the allegations to the governments of Libya and Syria. Now that Western interests are supporting a regime that seeks to consolidate his power against armed fighters, similar stories are "extreme" and unworthy of further investigation. Pravda note that precarious state Ukrainian army, unable to provide even the same uniforms or food, makes it unlikely that the increased presence of doctors around the forces of Kiev serves to preserve the well-being of the fighters. E 'instead more likely, given the immense corruption and illegality (which existed even before the so-called "Euromaidan" and the rise of an extremist regime satellite that operates in total disorder) that is in the process of removal of organs for profit. Eastern Europe has long been one of the many global centers of forced organ harvesting. A Bloomberg article in November 2011 titled "The bands organs force the poor to sell kidneys to Israelis desperate," reported that:
"Investigators on five continents say they have uncovered a criminal network interconnected, run by Israelis and eastern Europeans, that brings people across the border, sometimes against their will, to sell a kidney.
<path> Criminal l'intermediario is taking advantage of the sick and the povero> says Bahat, who investigated a network of organ trafficking in Jerusalem. , 'I cry my heart that people sell parts of their body because they need money to vivere.>
Criminals seen in the organ trade an opportunity for big gains, where they can sell a kidney to 15 or 20 times the price paid, says the police across Europe.
<Is It OK realize the obscene profit that can be obtained on the black market of organi, that is espansione> says Jonathan Ratel, the Public Prosecutor of Pristina, in Kosovo, which has been investigating this traffic over the past two years. <CONT. To happen because it is so redditizio.>
Traffickers typically pay $ 10,000 to the kidney seller and sell it to the patient in 150,000. "
Actually it would be unthinkable that, in the chaos of the Ukrainian armed conflict, these gangs do not rovistassero battlefields and hospitals in search of potential victims. The fact that the BBC does not investigate the claims of refugees desperate suggests very plausible either total incompetence that even journalistic complicity in covering up the atrocities committed, and that part of the attempt brutal, arbitrary and lethal Kiev to consolidate power.
The state of forced organ harvesting, as described by Bloomberg in 2011, and other reports, criminal gangs involved specifically in Ukraine. Even hospitals and doctors Ukrainians have long been involved. How then does the BBC to call the reports of organ harvesting "extreme claims" when nothing was done to stop these practices since 2011, and especially in the current conditions of Ukraine, which allow this crime to flourish undisturbed?
[...]
Source: Landdestroyer
The massacre of the innocents
Increasingly, children become the target of armed conflict, almost half of the people killed in war during the 90s are children.
Many millions more children have been seriously injured or have been rendered permanently disabled; have endured sexual violence, psychological trauma, hunger and disease. About 20 million children were torn from their homes and communities of origin because of the war.
The girls are the most vulnerable in fact, sexual violence is often used deliberately as a weapon of war. Landmines are responsible for 15,000-20,000 deaths a year, and about one fifth of them are children. Children are particularly at risk of being injured or killed by landmines, because of their small size, the unusual shape and colors make them look like toys.
It is estimated that in the world are at least 300,000 children under the age of 18 currently engaged in hostilities. The majority of child soldiers are between 15 and 18 years. Many, however, are recruited at age 10 or even earlier.
A research conducted by the Office of the Quakers to the UN in Geneva and Rädda Barnen Agency (Swedish Save the Children) states that there are more than 300 000 children under 18 years actively involved in armed conflicts around the world. In addition, although not constantly engaged in armed conflict, hundreds of thousands more are enrolled in the armies of countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas.
lunedì 28 luglio 2014
DATA OF SHAME
DATA OF SHAME
The global gap between those who have and those not, between those who know and those who are deprived of knowing you are
widening.
The assets of the three richest men in the world - Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft, Haji Hassanal
Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei and Robson Walton, the owner of the supermarket chain Wal-Mart, reaches
250,000 billion and equivalent to the gross domestic product of 43 countries, almost all African countries.
The 200 richest people in the world own about $ 1,000 billion, while 1 billion and
300 million people live on $ 1 a day.
The richest 20% of the world population controls 86% of world gross domestic product and 80%
exports.
The poorest 20% controlling only 1% of both.
More than 80 countries now have a per capita income lower than 10 years ago.
In the report the UN human development index ranking 174 countries according to life expectancy, education
and income. The last 10 are all Africans.
The external debt of African countries amounted to 550,000 billion lire; in many cases a good part of the
exports is absorbed by the payment of the debt.
Tanzania, for example, spends on debt repayment 9 times what it spends for assistance
health, and 4 times what it spends on education, while the debt of Congo Brazzaville corresponds
to 454% of its GDP and that of Mozambique to 443%.
From the 2000 UN report on human development
economy
Income inequalities have grown like never before: the distance between the incomes of the richest countries
compared with poorer ones was 3 to 1 in 1820, 35 to 1 in 1950, 44 to 1 in 1973 and 1 in 72
in 1993.
140 million children and 110 million girls are working.
1 billion people are unemployed or underemployed.
The per capita income is $ 22,690 in the rich countries and poor ones in 280.
Poor countries in '99 have received a total of $ 12 million for aid, it must
repay 185 million.
In rich countries each consumes 8623 kWh of electricity, and poor 96 kWh.
wars
In the 90s there were 300,000 child soldiers and 6 million injured in armed conflicts.
34 countries are in conflict, because of this in the 90s are death 5 million people.
In the world there are 10 million refugees.
company
1 million and 200,000 girls under 18 years old are exploited for prostitution.
About 100 million women have undergone genital mutilation; added each year 2 million
little girls.
Around the world, women hold 14% of parliamentary seats, 4% in Arab countries.
In the USA, who call themselves the home of freedom, 2 million people are in jail.
bless you
34 million people are living with HIV, 23 of them in sub-Saharan Africa.
2.4 billion people lack access to clinics, hospitals or principals.
In the U.S., 40 million people have no health insurance.
Life expectancy is 77 years in rich countries, in 50 poor countries.
105 out of 1000 children die at birth, others 167 1000 within 5 years of life.
education
99 million children do not attend primary school.
In the U.S., 1 in 5 is functionally illiterate.
Female literacy: 98.7% in rich countries, 39% in poor countries.
Quality of life (water, housing, nutrition, environment)
100 million people do not have a home
100 million children live on the streets.
800 million people do not have enough food.
Over the past 20 years, 900,000 people have died as a result of natural disasters in poor countries, in
lack of relief and prevenzione.Dati the World Health Organization on pollution
In 2001, nearly 5 million children under 5 died from ann diseases caused by polluted environments
or unhealthy: 13 000 deaths per day due to environmental degradation.
Of these:
- $ 2 million for severe respiratory problems due to air pollution;
- 1.3 million for diarrhea due to lack of proper sanitation;
- 1 million for infectious diseases like malaria;
- 380,000 per accident;
- 20,000 for poisoning by toxic substances.
Estimates from the World Health Organization on Water and Health
2 billion people have no access to health care.
1 billion 400 million people lack access to safe drinking water.
Over the past 50 years the availability of water has fallen by three quarters in Africa and two thirds in Asia. In Africa, access
Water is still very far from acceptable levels, especially in the villages, where only 40% of the
population has drinking water and only 20% have toilets.
Each year worldwide die 10 million people, half of them children, cholera, typhoid, dysentery and other
diseases due to the lack of drinking water and the resultant consumption of contaminated water.
In those countries, especially in Africa, water is responsible for over 80% of diseases. WHO figures
show that it is easier to die for lack of water (dehydration or diarrhea) that
hunger.
The World Commission indicates in 40 liters of water per person per day for the least amount
meet basic needs.
While a European family consumes an average of 165 liters per day.
arms
Every year the world spends $ 750 billion in weapons, ie 5 times the debt of the 40 poorest countries.
The governments of many countries of the Third World increased military spending, cutting back on investment in services
and measures to support the poor.
India and Pakistan each spend 20 billion dollars a year on defense and both have 6 times
more military doctors.
Sudan has squandered third of its gross domestic product on the military.
Thailand has increased its military spending by 26% in 1996 alone, Sri Lanka even more.
Three quarters of the world's nations have signed the 1997 Ottawa Treaty, which bans the production, use,
stockpiling of anti-personnel mines, but among the countries that have not joined us are China, Russia and the United
States (among the largest producers in the world), India and Pakistan, which have littered with landmines Kashmir.
Continue to die every year from landmines 20,000 people, mostly civilians.
Every dollar spent on weapons is subtracted education, health and sustainable development.
On the other hand the export of weapons is a big deal for many countries, especially North of the world.The 12 corporations that decide the future of the global South
cereals
Cargill (USA) turnover of 50.8 billion dollars.
Archer Daniel Midlands (USA) turnover of 23.4 billion dollars
Louis Dreyfus (France, USA) revenues of $ 18 billion
Bunge (USA) revenues $ 11.4 billion
Andre (Switzerland) revenues of $ 4.2 billion
These 5 companies control 85-90% of the world market for cereals and oilseeds.
bananas
Dole (USA) sales of $ 4.4 billion
Chiquita (USA) sales of $ 2.2 billion
Del Monte (UAE) revenues of $ 1.9 billion
These three companies control 70-75% of the international market in bananas.
agrochemicals
Cargill-Monsanto
Archer Daniel Midlands - Novartis
These two giants of fertilizers and pesticides control 75% of the world market for the products
chemicals for agriculture.
cotton
Louis Dreyfus (France, USA) revenues of $ 18 billion
Dunavant (USA) revenue $ 1.03 billion
Reinhart (Germany)
These companies control 85-90% of the international cotton market.
seeds
Cargill-Monsanto
Archer Daniel Midlands Novartis
The two giants of the market in cereals have joined each with a giant chemical and pharmaceutical
international seed.
cocoa
Cargill (USA) turnover of 50.8 billion dollars
Archer Daniel Midlands (USA) turnover of 23.4 billion dollars
Barry Callebaut (Switzerland) revenues of $ 1.7 billion
These companies control 85% of the cocoa trade.
coffee
Nestle (Switzerland) turnover of 50.6 billion dollars
Procter & Gamble (USA) turnover of 40.2 billion dollars
Kraft / Philip Morris (USA) turnover of 33.8 billion dollars
Sara Lee (USA) turnover of 17.6 billion dollars
These companies are present in many areas, not only agricultural but also industrial and control
85 to 90% of the market internazionale.I methods of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World
Trade
These organizations are now able to decide the place of governments on economic and social policies
of all countries of the world.
Officials IMF, WB, WTO are not elected, do not realize the damage they are causing to the people themselves,
decide on the skin and on the lives of others.
The disasters in the Third World
When the emissaries of these organizations appear in the corridors of power of any country, they begin
problems.
In fact, they represent the thousands of commercial banks that lend to governments. as moneylenders
claim the refund with interest absurd (22-52%) and affect the application of other loans
correction in the budgets of nations.
It begins with the devaluation of the currency, substantially increasing the prices of imported goods and commodities.
We then move to the dismissal of public employees, continuing with the removal of aid or incentives
agriculture or crafts.
Privatize state-owned enterprises and the buyers are often ex-bureaucrats who put their hands on the riches
public, perhaps aided by organized crime; this new class of wealthy is the main architect
rampant corruption.
The costs of running schools and hospitals are fully loaded on the balance sheets of the community, but the
depreciation reduces income, so the tax revenue, and finally the financial statements.
Illiteracy increases as the disease once eliminated or successfully combated (malaria, tubecolosi,
poliomyelitis), thanks to the elimination of medical school and decentralized.
The decrease in income prevents the purchase of medicines sold in western western prices.
The disease also affects children in some countries and kill 15 children out of 100.
The average lifespan decreases.
The power is sapped and related diseases appear to lack of vitamins.
They are then offered to the countries food aid (surplus market of USA and Canada, also given for
keep the price artificially high market share) that the government must sell at a price lower than the
local production.
This frustrates agricultural cooperatives and smallholders, who are forced to sell the land or
produce the only thing promoted: the product that serves multinationals (cotton in Mali, India, Bangladesh;
bananas in Central America, the Ivory Coast; soy, rice, fruit).
The farmers are forced to produce at a very low cost and need to maximize the productivity of
ground, using fertilizers or chemical fertilizers as highly polluting are subsidized by
multinationals.
The other farmers are forced to cultivate small plots of land that are not even sufficient for their
subsistence, often confined to marginal lands or subject to flooding or disasters; many migrate in
city, creating those huge monstrosities that are the slums.
In several countries (Laos, Vietnam, Colombia, Peru), the farmers are forced to work in the plantations of coca;
the proceeds of drug trafficking is used to buy shares or privatized companies.
So many countries self-sufficient in terms of food are in complete dependence on countries
rich, exacerbating their debt: domestic production is superseded by the export firm
by multinationals.
The repayment of the debt is an excuse: the debt is used blackmail to impose economic policies.
The state, for its part, must prevent riots with the army and comply with requests for de-unionization,
elimination of any constraint minimum wage and protection against its citizens (pensions, health,
schools). In many countries, cme the Philippines, there are the so-called free zones, where the multinationals are
lured with the promise of tax breaks and low wages. In these areas you can not go on strike, nor organize
Syndication and laws to protect workers in the country are suspended. Multinational companies require at
International purchase price of raw materials, clearly at the expense of local producers, who
are earning less and less working more and more. Once you purchase the product when it
comes in rich countries, the price suddenly increases by up to 10 times. A shirt made in
Bangladesh is sold at $ 0.50 in New York to $ 46, much to the joy and benefit of multinational corporations and
intermediaries. The countries under this economic regime are now owned by multinational corporations, which
exploiting the raw materials and populations, marginalizing those who are not useful to the operation of the machine
production, suck to the bone vital energies of individuals and populations. In many cases (Somalia,
Rwanda, Colombia, Liberia, Sierra Leone) this has resulted in fratricidal wars, which have made glad the
arms dealers and producer countries, in other cases (Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, etc.). bloodthirsty tyrants,
that imposed by force of arms and terror economic recipes neoliberiste.L 'last big business: the water
While environmental groups and committees of experts are sounding the alarm over the shortage of water resources
on the planet, a handful of multinational corporations, backed by the World Bank and the IMF
International, they found that the water industry profits are higher than the industry
pharmaceuticals, today close to one million dollars.
These companies are thus taking control of the management of public water services throughout the
world.
The logic is simple and ruthless: the water crisis is creating a wonderful opportunity to gain and
take advantage of them.
Today, the "lords of water" are a dozen; larger companies are French, Vivendi Universal and
Suez. Taken together, deliver water and sanitation services to over 200 million users in 150 countries and aim
to expand into every corner of the earth.
These companies are backed by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which
forcing Third World countries to give up their public systems of water distribution and
privatize them, by entering into contracts with "water lords", to gain access to the cancellation of
debt.
Blackmail true, in fact.
The work of these is characterized by enormous profits, increase the price of water, disruption of
service to those who can not pay, no transparency in commercial transactions, poor quality
Water corruption.
In summary, the water is considered a commodity like any other, only accessible to those who have the money to pay for it
and not a fundamental human right.
The global gap between those who have and those not, between those who know and those who are deprived of knowing you are
widening.
The assets of the three richest men in the world - Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft, Haji Hassanal
Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei and Robson Walton, the owner of the supermarket chain Wal-Mart, reaches
250,000 billion and equivalent to the gross domestic product of 43 countries, almost all African countries.
The 200 richest people in the world own about $ 1,000 billion, while 1 billion and
300 million people live on $ 1 a day.
The richest 20% of the world population controls 86% of world gross domestic product and 80%
exports.
The poorest 20% controlling only 1% of both.
More than 80 countries now have a per capita income lower than 10 years ago.
In the report the UN human development index ranking 174 countries according to life expectancy, education
and income. The last 10 are all Africans.
The external debt of African countries amounted to 550,000 billion lire; in many cases a good part of the
exports is absorbed by the payment of the debt.
Tanzania, for example, spends on debt repayment 9 times what it spends for assistance
health, and 4 times what it spends on education, while the debt of Congo Brazzaville corresponds
to 454% of its GDP and that of Mozambique to 443%.
From the 2000 UN report on human development
economy
Income inequalities have grown like never before: the distance between the incomes of the richest countries
compared with poorer ones was 3 to 1 in 1820, 35 to 1 in 1950, 44 to 1 in 1973 and 1 in 72
in 1993.
140 million children and 110 million girls are working.
1 billion people are unemployed or underemployed.
The per capita income is $ 22,690 in the rich countries and poor ones in 280.
Poor countries in '99 have received a total of $ 12 million for aid, it must
repay 185 million.
In rich countries each consumes 8623 kWh of electricity, and poor 96 kWh.
wars
In the 90s there were 300,000 child soldiers and 6 million injured in armed conflicts.
34 countries are in conflict, because of this in the 90s are death 5 million people.
In the world there are 10 million refugees.
company
1 million and 200,000 girls under 18 years old are exploited for prostitution.
About 100 million women have undergone genital mutilation; added each year 2 million
little girls.
Around the world, women hold 14% of parliamentary seats, 4% in Arab countries.
In the USA, who call themselves the home of freedom, 2 million people are in jail.
bless you
34 million people are living with HIV, 23 of them in sub-Saharan Africa.
2.4 billion people lack access to clinics, hospitals or principals.
In the U.S., 40 million people have no health insurance.
Life expectancy is 77 years in rich countries, in 50 poor countries.
105 out of 1000 children die at birth, others 167 1000 within 5 years of life.
education
99 million children do not attend primary school.
In the U.S., 1 in 5 is functionally illiterate.
Female literacy: 98.7% in rich countries, 39% in poor countries.
Quality of life (water, housing, nutrition, environment)
100 million people do not have a home
100 million children live on the streets.
800 million people do not have enough food.
Over the past 20 years, 900,000 people have died as a result of natural disasters in poor countries, in
lack of relief and prevenzione.Dati the World Health Organization on pollution
In 2001, nearly 5 million children under 5 died from ann diseases caused by polluted environments
or unhealthy: 13 000 deaths per day due to environmental degradation.
Of these:
- $ 2 million for severe respiratory problems due to air pollution;
- 1.3 million for diarrhea due to lack of proper sanitation;
- 1 million for infectious diseases like malaria;
- 380,000 per accident;
- 20,000 for poisoning by toxic substances.
Estimates from the World Health Organization on Water and Health
2 billion people have no access to health care.
1 billion 400 million people lack access to safe drinking water.
Over the past 50 years the availability of water has fallen by three quarters in Africa and two thirds in Asia. In Africa, access
Water is still very far from acceptable levels, especially in the villages, where only 40% of the
population has drinking water and only 20% have toilets.
Each year worldwide die 10 million people, half of them children, cholera, typhoid, dysentery and other
diseases due to the lack of drinking water and the resultant consumption of contaminated water.
In those countries, especially in Africa, water is responsible for over 80% of diseases. WHO figures
show that it is easier to die for lack of water (dehydration or diarrhea) that
hunger.
The World Commission indicates in 40 liters of water per person per day for the least amount
meet basic needs.
While a European family consumes an average of 165 liters per day.
arms
Every year the world spends $ 750 billion in weapons, ie 5 times the debt of the 40 poorest countries.
The governments of many countries of the Third World increased military spending, cutting back on investment in services
and measures to support the poor.
India and Pakistan each spend 20 billion dollars a year on defense and both have 6 times
more military doctors.
Sudan has squandered third of its gross domestic product on the military.
Thailand has increased its military spending by 26% in 1996 alone, Sri Lanka even more.
Three quarters of the world's nations have signed the 1997 Ottawa Treaty, which bans the production, use,
stockpiling of anti-personnel mines, but among the countries that have not joined us are China, Russia and the United
States (among the largest producers in the world), India and Pakistan, which have littered with landmines Kashmir.
Continue to die every year from landmines 20,000 people, mostly civilians.
Every dollar spent on weapons is subtracted education, health and sustainable development.
On the other hand the export of weapons is a big deal for many countries, especially North of the world.The 12 corporations that decide the future of the global South
cereals
Cargill (USA) turnover of 50.8 billion dollars.
Archer Daniel Midlands (USA) turnover of 23.4 billion dollars
Louis Dreyfus (France, USA) revenues of $ 18 billion
Bunge (USA) revenues $ 11.4 billion
Andre (Switzerland) revenues of $ 4.2 billion
These 5 companies control 85-90% of the world market for cereals and oilseeds.
bananas
Dole (USA) sales of $ 4.4 billion
Chiquita (USA) sales of $ 2.2 billion
Del Monte (UAE) revenues of $ 1.9 billion
These three companies control 70-75% of the international market in bananas.
agrochemicals
Cargill-Monsanto
Archer Daniel Midlands - Novartis
These two giants of fertilizers and pesticides control 75% of the world market for the products
chemicals for agriculture.
cotton
Louis Dreyfus (France, USA) revenues of $ 18 billion
Dunavant (USA) revenue $ 1.03 billion
Reinhart (Germany)
These companies control 85-90% of the international cotton market.
seeds
Cargill-Monsanto
Archer Daniel Midlands Novartis
The two giants of the market in cereals have joined each with a giant chemical and pharmaceutical
international seed.
cocoa
Cargill (USA) turnover of 50.8 billion dollars
Archer Daniel Midlands (USA) turnover of 23.4 billion dollars
Barry Callebaut (Switzerland) revenues of $ 1.7 billion
These companies control 85% of the cocoa trade.
coffee
Nestle (Switzerland) turnover of 50.6 billion dollars
Procter & Gamble (USA) turnover of 40.2 billion dollars
Kraft / Philip Morris (USA) turnover of 33.8 billion dollars
Sara Lee (USA) turnover of 17.6 billion dollars
These companies are present in many areas, not only agricultural but also industrial and control
85 to 90% of the market internazionale.I methods of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World
Trade
These organizations are now able to decide the place of governments on economic and social policies
of all countries of the world.
Officials IMF, WB, WTO are not elected, do not realize the damage they are causing to the people themselves,
decide on the skin and on the lives of others.
The disasters in the Third World
When the emissaries of these organizations appear in the corridors of power of any country, they begin
problems.
In fact, they represent the thousands of commercial banks that lend to governments. as moneylenders
claim the refund with interest absurd (22-52%) and affect the application of other loans
correction in the budgets of nations.
It begins with the devaluation of the currency, substantially increasing the prices of imported goods and commodities.
We then move to the dismissal of public employees, continuing with the removal of aid or incentives
agriculture or crafts.
Privatize state-owned enterprises and the buyers are often ex-bureaucrats who put their hands on the riches
public, perhaps aided by organized crime; this new class of wealthy is the main architect
rampant corruption.
The costs of running schools and hospitals are fully loaded on the balance sheets of the community, but the
depreciation reduces income, so the tax revenue, and finally the financial statements.
Illiteracy increases as the disease once eliminated or successfully combated (malaria, tubecolosi,
poliomyelitis), thanks to the elimination of medical school and decentralized.
The decrease in income prevents the purchase of medicines sold in western western prices.
The disease also affects children in some countries and kill 15 children out of 100.
The average lifespan decreases.
The power is sapped and related diseases appear to lack of vitamins.
They are then offered to the countries food aid (surplus market of USA and Canada, also given for
keep the price artificially high market share) that the government must sell at a price lower than the
local production.
This frustrates agricultural cooperatives and smallholders, who are forced to sell the land or
produce the only thing promoted: the product that serves multinationals (cotton in Mali, India, Bangladesh;
bananas in Central America, the Ivory Coast; soy, rice, fruit).
The farmers are forced to produce at a very low cost and need to maximize the productivity of
ground, using fertilizers or chemical fertilizers as highly polluting are subsidized by
multinationals.
The other farmers are forced to cultivate small plots of land that are not even sufficient for their
subsistence, often confined to marginal lands or subject to flooding or disasters; many migrate in
city, creating those huge monstrosities that are the slums.
In several countries (Laos, Vietnam, Colombia, Peru), the farmers are forced to work in the plantations of coca;
the proceeds of drug trafficking is used to buy shares or privatized companies.
So many countries self-sufficient in terms of food are in complete dependence on countries
rich, exacerbating their debt: domestic production is superseded by the export firm
by multinationals.
The repayment of the debt is an excuse: the debt is used blackmail to impose economic policies.
The state, for its part, must prevent riots with the army and comply with requests for de-unionization,
elimination of any constraint minimum wage and protection against its citizens (pensions, health,
schools). In many countries, cme the Philippines, there are the so-called free zones, where the multinationals are
lured with the promise of tax breaks and low wages. In these areas you can not go on strike, nor organize
Syndication and laws to protect workers in the country are suspended. Multinational companies require at
International purchase price of raw materials, clearly at the expense of local producers, who
are earning less and less working more and more. Once you purchase the product when it
comes in rich countries, the price suddenly increases by up to 10 times. A shirt made in
Bangladesh is sold at $ 0.50 in New York to $ 46, much to the joy and benefit of multinational corporations and
intermediaries. The countries under this economic regime are now owned by multinational corporations, which
exploiting the raw materials and populations, marginalizing those who are not useful to the operation of the machine
production, suck to the bone vital energies of individuals and populations. In many cases (Somalia,
Rwanda, Colombia, Liberia, Sierra Leone) this has resulted in fratricidal wars, which have made glad the
arms dealers and producer countries, in other cases (Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, etc.). bloodthirsty tyrants,
that imposed by force of arms and terror economic recipes neoliberiste.L 'last big business: the water
While environmental groups and committees of experts are sounding the alarm over the shortage of water resources
on the planet, a handful of multinational corporations, backed by the World Bank and the IMF
International, they found that the water industry profits are higher than the industry
pharmaceuticals, today close to one million dollars.
These companies are thus taking control of the management of public water services throughout the
world.
The logic is simple and ruthless: the water crisis is creating a wonderful opportunity to gain and
take advantage of them.
Today, the "lords of water" are a dozen; larger companies are French, Vivendi Universal and
Suez. Taken together, deliver water and sanitation services to over 200 million users in 150 countries and aim
to expand into every corner of the earth.
These companies are backed by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which
forcing Third World countries to give up their public systems of water distribution and
privatize them, by entering into contracts with "water lords", to gain access to the cancellation of
debt.
Blackmail true, in fact.
The work of these is characterized by enormous profits, increase the price of water, disruption of
service to those who can not pay, no transparency in commercial transactions, poor quality
Water corruption.
In summary, the water is considered a commodity like any other, only accessible to those who have the money to pay for it
and not a fundamental human right.
The scandal of Atlanta
When the BNL Atlanta financed Saddam
This is the story, too soon and too easily forgotten, when Saddam Hussein was already 'a son of a bitch, "but it was still, in the words of the president FDRoosevelt," our son of a bitch' adopted not only of the U.S. presidency but also from an Italian institute was then the public and which is called Banca Nazionale del Lavoro. It is the story of how the Atlanta branch of BNL, the U.S. administration to do a favor that no U.S. bank would do, he served in Iraq the beauty of almost 4 billion dollars without any guarantee (and in fact came up with a terrible "hole" of $ 3 billion), because the dictator of Baghdad could buy toys so deadly that he likes - toys made in the USA, of course - and that he used to attack Iran, for its citizens gassing Kurds, and even for invading Kuwait. The scandal broke on August 5, 1989, when FBI agents entered the Georgian branch of BNL for complaints of some informants that the bank had made large loans to foreign countries including Iraq, that such loans were not included in the accounting 'officer, and that far exceeded the limits set in relation to deposits. Federal agents ascertained that the information was based, and that in recent years the BNL had paid huge sums to Baghdad for the purchase of agricultural products, but also of war material and high technology. Both the American aministrazione, both the BNL (president of the bank was Nerio Nesi, that because of the scandal decided to resign, was the largest shareholder, the Treasury, ruled at that time by Guido Carli, Chairman of the Board was Giulio Andreotti, Ciampi was then governor of the Bank of Italy), frapposero every possible obstacle to the investigation, as is clear from the order (5 October 1992) and by a subsequent judgment (August 23, 1993) judge Marvin shoob. The first one reads: "This case involves charges of bank fraud that could have helped international finance arms race in Iraq. The court also tentatively concluded that U.S. intelligence agencies were aware of the reports of BNL-Atlanta with Iraq. "In conclusion: "It is clear that at the highest level of the Ministries of Justice, Foreign Affairs, dell'Agricolura and in the agencies of information it was decided to give an account of convenience in this case, and that some information may have been concealed from the investigators ". The judge ended by ordering a further investigation, because it unacceptable version of BNL in Rome, according to which the bank was simply a victim of the behavior of an employee unfaithful (Christopher P. Drogoul, branch manager), and he believed as well that the U.S. government appoggiasse that version only "to avoid embarrassing a foreign government or to contain a critical foreign policy bankruptcy." In fact, that was the line of defense of BNL, supported by the U.S., but the judgment of the court of '93 shoob said: "Most of the evidence supports the conclusion of this court, that in this case the BNL-Rome was not a victim. The proof is that the CIA was aware of the activities of BNL-BNL-Atlanta and Rome before the search in BNL-Atlanta in August 1989. "On the other hand, even in Italy, on April 22 of '92, the Board 's investigation of the Italian Senate (which has its place in the month before a night raid had taken place by the usual suspects) had concluded that the scandal of the BNL Atlanta was an international intrigue with broad responsibilities both internal and external to the bank. But the American judge went well beyond, and in a chapter of the judgment entitled 'connections with the network of arms, "he said:" It was reported that the BNL-Atlanta had failed to finance a large part of the supply network in Iraq, which included companies like Space Research Corporation, Lear Fan, the Italian ENDECO Barazuol, and Matrix-Churchill. It has been reported that the BNL-Atlanta helped to finance large parts of the Condor II missile program, a program in participation between Iraq, Egypt and Argentina. "At this point shoob launched a very serious accusation the U.S. administration: "At a meeting of the National Advisory Committee of Deputies, some officials claimed that Iraq was not involved and that the scandal appeared to involve the internal affairs of BNL. Some senior members of the executive board wanted to continue with the program CCC (Commodity Credit Corporation, the office of the ministry of agriculture that guarantees exports, ed), stating that it was essential for relations between the U.S. and Iraq. "And further: "In January of '90, President Bush signed the waiver of sanctions to allow the program Exim (export-import) continued throughout the year." Unfortunately, the judge's ruling shoob ended, in fact, with an admission of powerlessness to reach the real culprits: did not finish in the dock nor the men of the U.S. government nor the CIA nor those of BNL in Rome. Less than ever ended up in the dock, nor on that of the witnesses, a certain Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State, who, according to statements of the Texas Congressman Henry Gonzalez, had been a member of the 'International Advisory Board of BNL since 1985 or the year in which the Italian branch of the bank began to provide loans to Iraq. Kissinger, whose attendance was $ 10,000, retained that position until '91, when he resigned, saying: "I have resigned earlier this year because they do not want to be involved, you do not want me questions about this sort of thing. "To explain this plot must go back to 1982, when President Ronald Reagan, despite reports of the intelligence services, he took the 'Iraq from the list of countries that supported terrorism. The aim was to contain Iran of the ayatollahs, who had been attacked by Iraq two years ago, and it gave back to the Arab country the opportunity to buy from the U.S. military technology or dual (civil use products that can also be used for actions military). Then the White House allowed that other Arab countries - Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Egypt - Iraq strapped American military equipment, including helicopters and bombs. Some years later, the journalist Alan Friedman wrote, never denied that Reagan had personally asked to Andreotti to channel arms to Iraq. Between 1985 and 1989, the Ministry of Commerce authorized tens of exports of biological materials to Iraq, including some varieties of anthrax. After becoming president, George Bush authorized new aid and economic incentives in Baghdad despite reports that denounced the use of gas by Iraqi, first against the Iranians and then against the Kurds, and continued this policy until the eve of the invasion of Kuwait. In '92 Kenneth Timmerman, author of the book "The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq," he said at a U.S. Senate committee that the factory of tungsten carbide Al Atheer, part of Iraq's clandestine nuclear program appeared to be was supplied by American companies with financing of BNL in Atlanta. And Gonzalez, again in '92, told Congress: "Dozens of U.S. companies, many of them financed by BNL, have provided cutting-edge technology to Iraq's nuclear and missile programs, and that of chemical and biological weapons." But then the Texan deputy stopped his complaints, after finding his car riddled with gunfire, and who ended up in jail, with 347 charges against him on the head, it was only Drogoul, who pleaded guilty and ended up serving little more than two years (he died in '99, just fifty years old, taken away by a fulminant cancer). However, the implications of the scandal were so many and so important that, despite the work of disinformation governments and secret services, over the years the murky history of the supply of U.S. weapons to Saddam Hussein, with the help of BNL, would come to light. Not completely, but enough so that the invasion of Iraq by George Bush's son appears now even more vile and purulent.
Franco Mimmi
April 3, 2003
published in the National (page 5) in the section "Foreign"
http://cerca.unita.it/ARCHIVE/xml/85000/80185.xml?key=Franco+Mimmi&first=121&orderby=0&f=fir
This is the story, too soon and too easily forgotten, when Saddam Hussein was already 'a son of a bitch, "but it was still, in the words of the president FDRoosevelt," our son of a bitch' adopted not only of the U.S. presidency but also from an Italian institute was then the public and which is called Banca Nazionale del Lavoro. It is the story of how the Atlanta branch of BNL, the U.S. administration to do a favor that no U.S. bank would do, he served in Iraq the beauty of almost 4 billion dollars without any guarantee (and in fact came up with a terrible "hole" of $ 3 billion), because the dictator of Baghdad could buy toys so deadly that he likes - toys made in the USA, of course - and that he used to attack Iran, for its citizens gassing Kurds, and even for invading Kuwait. The scandal broke on August 5, 1989, when FBI agents entered the Georgian branch of BNL for complaints of some informants that the bank had made large loans to foreign countries including Iraq, that such loans were not included in the accounting 'officer, and that far exceeded the limits set in relation to deposits. Federal agents ascertained that the information was based, and that in recent years the BNL had paid huge sums to Baghdad for the purchase of agricultural products, but also of war material and high technology. Both the American aministrazione, both the BNL (president of the bank was Nerio Nesi, that because of the scandal decided to resign, was the largest shareholder, the Treasury, ruled at that time by Guido Carli, Chairman of the Board was Giulio Andreotti, Ciampi was then governor of the Bank of Italy), frapposero every possible obstacle to the investigation, as is clear from the order (5 October 1992) and by a subsequent judgment (August 23, 1993) judge Marvin shoob. The first one reads: "This case involves charges of bank fraud that could have helped international finance arms race in Iraq. The court also tentatively concluded that U.S. intelligence agencies were aware of the reports of BNL-Atlanta with Iraq. "In conclusion: "It is clear that at the highest level of the Ministries of Justice, Foreign Affairs, dell'Agricolura and in the agencies of information it was decided to give an account of convenience in this case, and that some information may have been concealed from the investigators ". The judge ended by ordering a further investigation, because it unacceptable version of BNL in Rome, according to which the bank was simply a victim of the behavior of an employee unfaithful (Christopher P. Drogoul, branch manager), and he believed as well that the U.S. government appoggiasse that version only "to avoid embarrassing a foreign government or to contain a critical foreign policy bankruptcy." In fact, that was the line of defense of BNL, supported by the U.S., but the judgment of the court of '93 shoob said: "Most of the evidence supports the conclusion of this court, that in this case the BNL-Rome was not a victim. The proof is that the CIA was aware of the activities of BNL-BNL-Atlanta and Rome before the search in BNL-Atlanta in August 1989. "On the other hand, even in Italy, on April 22 of '92, the Board 's investigation of the Italian Senate (which has its place in the month before a night raid had taken place by the usual suspects) had concluded that the scandal of the BNL Atlanta was an international intrigue with broad responsibilities both internal and external to the bank. But the American judge went well beyond, and in a chapter of the judgment entitled 'connections with the network of arms, "he said:" It was reported that the BNL-Atlanta had failed to finance a large part of the supply network in Iraq, which included companies like Space Research Corporation, Lear Fan, the Italian ENDECO Barazuol, and Matrix-Churchill. It has been reported that the BNL-Atlanta helped to finance large parts of the Condor II missile program, a program in participation between Iraq, Egypt and Argentina. "At this point shoob launched a very serious accusation the U.S. administration: "At a meeting of the National Advisory Committee of Deputies, some officials claimed that Iraq was not involved and that the scandal appeared to involve the internal affairs of BNL. Some senior members of the executive board wanted to continue with the program CCC (Commodity Credit Corporation, the office of the ministry of agriculture that guarantees exports, ed), stating that it was essential for relations between the U.S. and Iraq. "And further: "In January of '90, President Bush signed the waiver of sanctions to allow the program Exim (export-import) continued throughout the year." Unfortunately, the judge's ruling shoob ended, in fact, with an admission of powerlessness to reach the real culprits: did not finish in the dock nor the men of the U.S. government nor the CIA nor those of BNL in Rome. Less than ever ended up in the dock, nor on that of the witnesses, a certain Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State, who, according to statements of the Texas Congressman Henry Gonzalez, had been a member of the 'International Advisory Board of BNL since 1985 or the year in which the Italian branch of the bank began to provide loans to Iraq. Kissinger, whose attendance was $ 10,000, retained that position until '91, when he resigned, saying: "I have resigned earlier this year because they do not want to be involved, you do not want me questions about this sort of thing. "To explain this plot must go back to 1982, when President Ronald Reagan, despite reports of the intelligence services, he took the 'Iraq from the list of countries that supported terrorism. The aim was to contain Iran of the ayatollahs, who had been attacked by Iraq two years ago, and it gave back to the Arab country the opportunity to buy from the U.S. military technology or dual (civil use products that can also be used for actions military). Then the White House allowed that other Arab countries - Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Egypt - Iraq strapped American military equipment, including helicopters and bombs. Some years later, the journalist Alan Friedman wrote, never denied that Reagan had personally asked to Andreotti to channel arms to Iraq. Between 1985 and 1989, the Ministry of Commerce authorized tens of exports of biological materials to Iraq, including some varieties of anthrax. After becoming president, George Bush authorized new aid and economic incentives in Baghdad despite reports that denounced the use of gas by Iraqi, first against the Iranians and then against the Kurds, and continued this policy until the eve of the invasion of Kuwait. In '92 Kenneth Timmerman, author of the book "The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq," he said at a U.S. Senate committee that the factory of tungsten carbide Al Atheer, part of Iraq's clandestine nuclear program appeared to be was supplied by American companies with financing of BNL in Atlanta. And Gonzalez, again in '92, told Congress: "Dozens of U.S. companies, many of them financed by BNL, have provided cutting-edge technology to Iraq's nuclear and missile programs, and that of chemical and biological weapons." But then the Texan deputy stopped his complaints, after finding his car riddled with gunfire, and who ended up in jail, with 347 charges against him on the head, it was only Drogoul, who pleaded guilty and ended up serving little more than two years (he died in '99, just fifty years old, taken away by a fulminant cancer). However, the implications of the scandal were so many and so important that, despite the work of disinformation governments and secret services, over the years the murky history of the supply of U.S. weapons to Saddam Hussein, with the help of BNL, would come to light. Not completely, but enough so that the invasion of Iraq by George Bush's son appears now even more vile and purulent.
Franco Mimmi
April 3, 2003
published in the National (page 5) in the section "Foreign"
http://cerca.unita.it/ARCHIVE/xml/85000/80185.xml?key=Franco+Mimmi&first=121&orderby=0&f=fir
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